Investigations into the fragmentation and ionization of highly excited La@C82

Abstract

Articles you may be interested inPhotodissociation of (SO2XH) Van der Waals complexes and clusters (XH = C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) excited at 32 040-32090 cm−1 with formation of HSO2 and X J. Chem. Phys. 140, 054304 (2014); 10.1063/1.4863445Mass spectrometry study of the fragmentation of valence and core-shell ( Cl 2p) excited CHCl 3 and CDCl 3 molecules J. Chem. Phys. 120, 9547 (2004); 10.1063/1.1701658 Formation of small lanthanum-carbide ions from laser induced fragmentation of La @ C 82We report the first measurements of delayed ionization of the metallofullerene La@C 82 . When highly excited in laser desorption, La@C 82 was found to ionize over several microseconds. The rate of delayed ionization of La@C 82 was compared to C 60 under the same extraction conditions, and found to be significantly different. A theoretical model was used for the fitting of the ion signal of the two fullerenes. The metallofullerene results can be fitted well over a time window Ͻ30 s and are consistent with a low ionization potential ͑6.3 eV͒ and a high radiative cooling rate. The C 60 data cannot be fitted over the same time window, indicative of an additional time-dependent competing decay channel.

Soft-x-ray-induced ionization and fragmentation dynamics of Sc3N@C80 investigated using an ion-ion-coincidence momentum-imaging technique

“…Fragmentation processes which have been observed include the emission of neutral C 2 (evaporation), the emission of charged C 2 + (fission), and Coulomb explosion where molecular and atomic carbon ions are emitted. The fragmentation of endohedral fullerenes has been observed in experiments with femtosecond near-infrared lasers, nano-second visible lasers, synchrotron x-ray sources, and x-ray free-electron lasers [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, the studies regarding the fragmentation dynamics in endohedral fullerenes have mainly focused on neutral carbon dimer emission induced by single x-ray photons or single pulse lasers [29,30,32,34], or the formation of new chemical bonds [23,24,33].…”

“…The fragmentation of endohedral fullerenes has been observed in experiments with femtosecond near-infrared lasers, nano-second visible lasers, synchrotron x-ray sources, and x-ray free-electron lasers [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, the studies regarding the fragmentation dynamics in endohedral fullerenes have mainly focused on neutral carbon dimer emission induced by single x-ray photons or single pulse lasers [29,30,32,34], or the formation of new chemical bonds [23,24,33]. A few experiments observed the emission of the encaged atoms or molecules [22][23][24]29,33,35,36], but only the kinetic energy release (KER) of the encaged N atom from N@C 60 + and N@C 70 + has been measured [27,28].…”

The stability of singly and multiply charged La@C80 and La@C82 ions determined from kinetic energy release measurements

“…It has also been subject of several investigations in the gas phase [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In several of these studies, decay channels for highly excited La@C 82 and La@C 82 + were characterized, such as electron emission [19], fragmentation [16][17][18][19][20][21]23], and radiation [22]. However, in only one of these studies [24] it was attempted to determine the stability of La@C 82 + in a quantitative way, by measuring the activation energy, or "dissociation energy" D for the reaction:…”

“…It was among the first metallofullerenes to be isolated [13]; since then it has been characterized by a variety of physical methods (see [2][3][4][5]14] and references therein). It has also been subject of several investigations in the gas phase [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In several of these studies, decay channels for highly excited La@C 82 and La@C 82 + were characterized, such as electron emission [19], fragmentation [16][17][18][19][20][21]23], and radiation [22].…”

Fragmentation of endohedral fullerene Ho3N@C80 in an intense femtosecond near-infrared laser field

“…The understanding of the ionization and fragmentation of endohedral fullerenes is not as comprehensive as for C 60 , due to extra theoretical and experimental complications. Nevertheless, a few studies regarding the fragmentation dynamics in endohedral fullerenes have been carried out, focusing on neutral carbon dimer emission induced by single Xray photons or single pulse optical lasers [22][23][24][25], or the formation of new chemical bonds between atoms from the cage and the enclosed species [9,[26][27][28]. Recently, we found that the endohedral fullerene's internal energy plays an important role in the fragmentation of X-ray excited Sc 3 N@C 80 [29].…”