Investigations into the Potential Abrasive Release of Nanomaterials due to Material Stress Conditions—Part B: Silver, Titanium Nitride, and Laponite Nanoparticles in Plastic Composites

Bott, Johannes; Franz, Roland

doi:10.3390/app9020221

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An LDPE film containing the silver nanoparticle additive with a 250 mg silver/kg loading in the plastic was tested for abrasive release of silver (Bott and Franz, 2019 ) to assess the potential release of particles as a result of abrasion with solid/dry foods. The film was tested as such and after various additional material stresses were applied.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of the substance silver nanoparticles for use in food contact materials

Lambré¹,

Baviera²,

Bolognesi³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids ( CEP ) assessed the safety of the additive silver nanoparticles intended to be used in plastics. All the silver particles are in the size range of 1–100 nm, with about 15 nm mean diameter and 99% by number of particles below 20 nm. The additive is intended to be used as a surface biocide at up to 0.025% w/w in non‐polar plastics for contact with a wide variety of foods, times, temperatures and food contact surface/mass of food ratios. The particulate form is maintained when the additive is incorporated into plastics, albeit with some aggregation/agglomeration observed. The data and information on theoretical considerations, on specific migration and abrasion tests show that, under the intended and tested conditions of uses, the silver nanoparticles stay embedded in the polymer, do not migrate and resist release by abrasion, thus, do not give rise to exposure via food and to toxicological concern. There is migration of silver in soluble ionic form up to 6 μg/kg food from the surface of the additive particles. This is below the group restriction of 50 μg silver/kg food proposed by the AFC Panel in 2004 and would lead to a maximum exposure from FCM that would be below the acceptable daily intake ( ADI ) of 0.9 μg silver ions/kg body weight (bw) per day established by ECHA . Therefore, the Panel concluded that the substance does not raise safety concern for the consumer if used as an additive at up to 0.025% w/w in polymers, such as polyolefins, polyesters and styrenics, that do not swell in contact with aqueous foods and food simulants. The Panel noted, however, that exposure to silver from other sources of dietary exposure may exceed the ADI set by ECHA .

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of the substance silver nanoparticles for use in food contact materials

Lambré¹,

Baviera²,

Bolognesi³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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“…For this, we developed and tested an experimental design that allows for evaluating the release of nanomaterials during stress conditions by examining the abrasion itself on the presence of release particles. Thereby we suggested a setup that allows gathering different aspects that take influence on the integrity of the test specimen and collecting the abrasion and possible released nanoparticles without losses in a practicable way [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: General Approach and Overview Of Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for and Guidance to Testing and Evaluating Migration/Release of Nanoparticles from Polymer Based Nanocomposites

Franz¹,

Bott²,

Störmer³

2020

Nanomaterials

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The use of nanoadditives in food contact materials requires risk assessment to ensure consumers’ safety. The evaluation of health risk is based on the combination of two elements: hazard and exposure. For nanomaterials (NM) used as additives in nanocomposites, the exposure is directly linked to the level of migration or release of the NM into the food. In principle, appropriate methods for experimental determination and theoretical estimation of migration are available but need diligent considerations to avoid erroneous conclusions from the measured data. We propose a comprehensive test scheme based on these methods, starting with characterization of the nanomaterial itself and when incorporated in the polymer. These data form the basis for making a decision whether migration of the NM can be excluded by migration theoretical considerations or if experimental migration testing and/or abrasion testing for mechanical release should be carried out. Guidance to and considerations for each of these steps and regarding the applicable methods are discussed. In conclusion, the results will provide a basis for risk assessment, either directly when exposure of consumers to the nanomaterials can be excluded or will be very low or, in the case of evidenced exposure, in combination with then needed toxicological data.

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“…In this context, electrophoresis has been proposed for quantification studies on biological samples; however, size distribution is not defined. For this aim, asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) has been demonstrated to be a powerful separation strategy in the characterization and/or determination of several (nano)materials. , AF4 coupled to UV–vis and DLS detectors in series is a very useful technique for characterization of a wide range of particle dispersions allowing their separation and establishing their distribution and stability. , The AF4-UV–vis system was employed to analyze only the size of CB particles used in ink by dispersing CB powder in aqueous media containing polymeric dispersants . However, stability studies on different dispersant matrices have not been yet performed for CB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Quantitation of Carbon Black Nanomaterials in Polymeric and Biological Aqueous Dispersants by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation

2021

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Characterization of carbon black (CB) nanomaterials is required in industrial and research areas. Hence, in this study, asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation coupled to UV–vis and DLS detectors in series (AF4-UV–vis-DLS) was studied to evaluate the CB dispersion behavior in polymeric and biological dispersants, given the relevance of these media in practical applications. Under the experimental conditions, the results indicated that polymeric and biological dispersions showed size distributions with hydrodynamic diameters of 404 and 175 nm, respectively, for a particle core diameter of 40 nm. The polymeric dispersant provided lower stability as a function of time than that achieved by the biological dispersant. AF4 allowed separation of different core-sized CB (40, 69, and 72 nm) according to their hydrodynamic size using cross-flow rates of 0.5 mL·min–1 and 1 mL·min–1 for polymeric and biological dispersants, respectively. The dilution of the polymeric dispersion with different real water matrices produced a dramatic loss of dispersion stability, this effect being negligible in the case of biological dispersions.

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Investigations into the Potential Abrasive Release of Nanomaterials due to Material Stress Conditions—Part B: Silver, Titanium Nitride, and Laponite Nanoparticles in Plastic Composites

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Safety assessment of the substance silver nanoparticles for use in food contact materials

Safety assessment of the substance silver nanoparticles for use in food contact materials

Considerations for and Guidance to Testing and Evaluating Migration/Release of Nanoparticles from Polymer Based Nanocomposites

Characterization and Quantitation of Carbon Black Nanomaterials in Polymeric and Biological Aqueous Dispersants by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation

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