Investigations of aerosol formation pathways during MSW combustion based on high-temperature impactor measurements

An artifact-minimizing method for total dust sampling and chemical characterization of industrial high-temperature aerosols

“…From this gas phase, K 2 SO 4 condensates first during cool down because of its low vapor pressure compared to KCl, which condenses at lower temperatures to eventually form the main part of the fine mode (Glarborg and Marshall 2005;Jim enez and Ballester 2007). The same mechanism has also been proposed by Brunner et al (2013) for Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl after investigating the particles smaller than 1 mm in an MSWI aerosol using an instack high-temperature cascade impactor. A similar mechanism is also reasonable for the system CaSO 4 /CaCl 2 .…”

“…On the other hand, there have been several approaches for in-stack sampling techniques. and Brunner et al (2013) used high-temperature low-pressure cascade impactors to sample particles inside the boilers of biomass-fired energy plants and MSWI. Although this sampling technique avoids condensation artifacts, particle evaporation and vapor condensation at the low pressure stages of the impactor are known to alter the particle size distributions (Valmari et al 1998).…”

“…Although this sampling technique avoids condensation artifacts, particle evaporation and vapor condensation at the low pressure stages of the impactor are known to alter the particle size distributions (Valmari et al 1998). Furthermore, in the case of Brunner et al (2013), the method is limited to particle sizes below about 1 mm, since the aerosol is extracted normal to the main flow which limits the aspiration efficiency for larger particles due to their inertia. In other words, the sampling is not conducted isokinetically as it would be required by EN 13284-1 (2002).…”

Particle composition and size distribution in coal flames – The influence on radiative heat transfer

“…Extractive measurements using impactors have previously been used to study combustion generated particles [7][8][9][10][11]. The particles are then size segregated based on their aerodynamic diameter and collected on a number of collection plates.…”

“…Further downstream these particles were oxidized and the collected particles after the flame zone were dominated by larger sizes. Brunner et al [10] studied particle formation in a full scale (20.8 MW th ) municipal solid waste incineration plant. A new high temperature impactor was designed which enabled in-situ particle measurements with the entire impactor inserted into the combustion chamber, while performing measurements in positions with gas temperatures up to 1000°C.…”