Investigations of Genome Relationships Between Leymus, Psathyrostachys and Hordeum Inferred by Genomic DNA:DNA in situ Hybridization

Ørgaard, Marian; Heslop-Harrison, J. S.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1994.1023

Cited by 74 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…GISH using the total genomic DNA of an analyzer (a species with a known genome) as a probe revealed intergenomic translocations, as well as the presence, or absence, of the analyzer genome in polyploid species (Ørgaard and Heslop-Harrison 1994). FISH with chromosome-specific repetitive sequences or microsatellites as AAG identifies each chromosome in the genomes (Tsujimoto et al 1997, Cuadrado and Schwarzacher 1998, Pedersen et al 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of karyotype variation revealed by sequential FISH and GISH in plateau perennial grass forage Elymus nutans

et al. 2009

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Elymus nutans L. (StHY, 2n = 6x = 42) is extensively selected from the natural population and domesticated as perennial grass forage in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China due to its high tolerance to environmental stresses, such as cold and drought. Karyotyping was conducted in 12 randomly selected plants by sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH discriminated St, H and Y genomes, indicating that E. nutans has retained its ancestral genome, and large chromosomal rearrangements have not occurred. However, FISH using an AGG satellite and Afa-family repetitive sequences, revealed marked variation in the signalling patterns of most of the chromosomes. Many of the plants carried chromosomes with a specific pattern in the homozygous state, indicating that self-pollination or sib-crossing occurs in small populations during selection for domestication. In addition, several intergenomic translocations appeared, possibly caused by homoeologous chromosome recombination. The nature of the polymorphisms seen in the chromosomes of the domesticated population of E. nutans is discussed.Key Words: perennial grass forage, Elymus nutans, karyotype variation, FISH, GISH. IntroductionThe genus Elymus L., which includes as many as 150 species, is the largest and most widely distributed genus in the Triticeae tribe of family Poaceae (Löve 1984). Elymus nutans L. is a commonly distributed Elymus species in China and grows on grassland, bush land, river banks, mountain slopes, and swales, at altitudes from 1000 m up to 5000 m (Lu 1993) and is tolerant to various environmental stresses associated with high altitude, such as cold and drought. In the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, vigorous plants are selected from the natural population and used as perennial forage crops. A cytological study has suggested that E. nutans is hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42), and has three genomes: St, Y and H (Lu 1993). The St genome originates from the genus Pseudoroegneria and the H genome from Hordeum, but the origin of the Y genome is unknown (Wang et al. 1995). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that the St and Y genomes may have originated from the same ancestors (Liu et al. 2006). In this species, chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype variations are shown by assessing intraspecific hybrids and mitotic chromosomes (Lu 1993, Zhang et al. 2008. Knowledge of karyotype variation is helpful in selecting stable plants for breeding forage crops. However, the cytological analysis of this species is very limited.Molecular cytogenetic analysis using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has provided powerful methods to detect karyotype variation. GISH using the total genomic DNA of an analyzer (a species with a known genome) as a probe revealed intergenomic translocations, as well as the presence, or absence, of the analyzer genome in polyploid species (Ørgaard and Heslop-Harrison 1994). FISH with chromosome-specific repetitive sequences or microsatell...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of karyotype variation revealed by sequential FISH and GISH in plateau perennial grass forage Elymus nutans

et al. 2009

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“…Chrysanthemum sensu lato performs a polyploid series which plays an important role in chromosome evolution with the basic chromosome number of X=9 (Tahara 1915;Nakata and Tanaka 1987;Abd El-Twab and Kondo 2003). In plant evolutionary studies and breeding there is often a need to discriminate between the genomes of closely related genera or species and to identify the ancestors of polyploid species (Ørgaard and Heslop-Harrison 1994;Abd El-Twab and Kondo 2003).…”

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Karyomorphological studies of some species of Chrysanthemum sensu lato in Egypt

El-Twab¹,

Mekawy²,

El‐Katatny³

2008

Chromosome Botany

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ABSTRACT. Chromosome numbers and karyotypes are presented in eight taxa in Chrysanhemum senu lato (Asteraceae).Achillea santolina, Cotula barbata and Co. cinerea had new counts for the first time. The chromosome complement of Artemisia arborescens (2n=18) consists of 14 median and four sub-median chromosomes. Achillea fragrantissima (2n=18) consists of 14 median and four sub-median chromosomes; Ach. santolina (2n=36) consists of 26 median-and ten submedian-centromeric chromosomes. Glebionis coronaria (2n=18) consists of 18 median-centromeric chromosomes; while G. coronaria var. discolor (2n= 18) has 16 median-and two submedian-centromeric chromosomes. Cotula barbata (2n=16) consists of 12 median-and four sub-median-centromeric chromosomes, while Co. cinerea (2n=18) has 14 median-and four sub-median-centromeric chromosomes. The chromosome complement of Matricaria recutita (2n=18) consists of 14 median-, two submedian-and two subterminal-centromeric chromosomes.The longest chromosome complement was Artemisia arborescens while the shortest was Cotula barbata. The length of the tetraploid chromosome complement of Ach. santolina was approximately one third shoter than the diploid Artemisia arborescens, and equal to G. coronaria.

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“…The Japanese and Chinese Chrysanthemum may be closely related to each other, make cross-hybrids, and perform a polyploid series, which plays an important role in chromosome evolution and would even perform introgressive hybridization in the nature [1][2][3]. In plant evolutionary studies and breeding, there is often a need to discriminate between the genomes of closely related taxa and to identify ancestors [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Since Chrysanthemum species has a self-incompatible breeding system, crosses between closely related or unrelated individuals would be unsuccessful, and, thus, in genetics, little is known in the species of the genus [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Mutation Revealed by Artificial Hybridization between Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum and Chrysanthemum vestitum Assessed by FISH and GISH

El-Twab

Kondo

2012

Journal of Botany

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Present study has been done to investigate artificial interspecific crossability between Japanese Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum (2n = 36) and Chinese C. vestitum (2n = 54), which were cultured in vitro and in vivo and characterization of their artificial hybrid chromosomes and type of changes assessed by FISH and GISH. GISH was applied by using biotin-labeled total genomic DNA probe of C. vestitum, which were mixed with blocking DNA of C. yoshinaganthum. Approximately 18 yellow-green colored chromosomes of C. vestitum were detected by the probe, approximately 18 yellow-red-mixed colored chromosomes could be common chromosomes of the two species, and nine chromosomes were relatively red of Ch. yoshinaganthum that were not detected by the probe. The expected average of FISH six signals of 5S rDNA sites and ten of 45S rDNA were observed on the chromosomes of three and six hybrid plants, respectively. Multicolor FISH signals showed unexpected average of seven and 14 yellow signals of 5S rDNA sites on seven and thirteen chromosomes simultaneous with ten and 11 red signals of 45S rDNA sites on ten and 11 chromosomes which were detected by the probes respectively. FISH mapping of the 5S rDNA at terminal sites was detected in hybrid chromosomes, for the first time. Yellow-color signals of the telomeres were detected by the biotin-labeled probe of the PCRamplified telomeric probe in interphase and terminal sites in metaphase. All chromosomes that showed terminal signals except four chromosomes showed subterminal sites of telomeres indicating the presence of translocations.

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Investigations of Genome Relationships Between Leymus, Psathyrostachys and Hordeum Inferred by Genomic DNA:DNA in situ Hybridization

Cited by 74 publications

References 41 publications

High frequency of karyotype variation revealed by sequential FISH and GISH in plateau perennial grass forage Elymus nutans

High frequency of karyotype variation revealed by sequential FISH and GISH in plateau perennial grass forage Elymus nutans

Karyomorphological studies of some species of Chrysanthemum sensu lato in Egypt

Genome Mutation Revealed by Artificial Hybridization between Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum and Chrysanthemum vestitum Assessed by FISH and GISH

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