Investigations of multiple backscattering and albedos of 1.12MeV gamma photons in elements and alloys

Effective atomic number of selected construction materials using gamma backscattering technique

“…For Compton profile study, in order to have a high value of single to multiple scattering ratio, very thin samples have to be used. The saturation of multiple scattered photons with respect to target thicknesses agree with the work of Paramesh et al (1983), Singh et al (2009), Singh et al (2008 and Sabharwal et al (2009). The comparison between the experimentally measured values and empirical formula for effective atomic number indicates a good agreement.…”

“…Their work showed that materials of higher atomic numbers have lower saturation thicknesses. Singh et al (2009Singh et al ( , 2008 and Sabharwal et al (2009) that multiple scattered photons which are considered as noise in other methods can be used effectively to assign the effective atomic number of thick samples. Multiple scatter events occur when scattered photons from the primary interaction interact again and again with material before leaving the object.…”

Investigation of Albedo Factor Parameters in Some Selected Sn Compounds

“…The photon reflection capability of the target sample is called an albedo factor and is related to the atomic number, thickness, and incident x-ray photon energy [2]. Each target's derived albedo factor values are used in manufacturing radiation shielding material [3][4][5][6][7][8]. For this purpose, different materials used or recommended in the industry have been researched by various researchers and brought to the literature.…”

Simulation of Void Detection System using Gamma-Ray Compton Scattering Technique

“…Several researches on NDT applications using gamma radiation have been conducted, such as observation of the differences in energy distribution and backscattering intensity of 1.12 MeV gamma photons emerging from Zn, Al, Sn, Fe, C as element targets and the compounds as a function of thickness and the atomic number (Z) target by Sabharwal, et al [15]; liquid density identification in polyethylene pipe using a 137 Cs gamma ray source by Wirawan, et al [16]; inspection of steel wire ropes on a suspension bridge using a 192 Ir gamma-ray source to determine and predict the resistance of steel wire ropes on a suspension bridge caused by corrosion and deformation, as presented by Peng and Wang [17]; and material inspection using gamma scattering techniques with 5 mCi (185 MBq) 137 Cs gamma sources and BGO detectors by Chankow, et al [18]. Void inspection in concrete has been performed with various gamma sources, detector types, and simulation methods.…”