Investigations of the behavior of Paramecium aurelia: I. Modification of behavior after training with reinforcement.

Gelber, Beatrice

doi:10.1037/h0063093

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Other relatively recent experiments that have dealt with this issue are those of Gelber (1952Gelber ( , 1956Gelber ( , 1957Gelber ( , 1958Gelber ( , 1962aGelber ( , 1962b, Jensen (1957aJensen ( , 1957b, and Katz and Deterline (1958). Gelber reported successful conditioned approach behavior to a sterile platinum wire inserted into a reservoir containing paramecia after the paramecia had received training with the wire coated with food (bacteria).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination Learning in Paramecia (P. caudatum)

2006

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confidence: 99%

Discrimination Learning in Paramecia (P. caudatum)

2006

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“…The author concluded that Stentor exhibited classical condition response; the study, however, lacked important controls, such as training Stentor with the administration of shocks alone (Corning and Von Burg, 1973). A similar study suggested that paramecia perform instrumental conditioning (Gelber, 1952). The author observed that paramecia attached preferentially to a bare wire that had been baited previously with bacteria compared to a wire that had not been baited.…”

Section: Manifestations Of Intelligence In the Microbial Worldmentioning

confidence: 88%

Macromolecular networks and intelligence in microorganisms

Westerhoff¹,

Brooks²,

Simeonidis³

et al. 2014

Front. Microbiol.

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Living organisms persist by virtue of complex interactions among many components organized into dynamic, environment-responsive networks that span multiple scales and dimensions. Biological networks constitute a type of information and communication technology (ICT): they receive information from the outside and inside of cells, integrate and interpret this information, and then activate a response. Biological networks enable molecules within cells, and even cells themselves, to communicate with each other and their environment. We have become accustomed to associating brain activity – particularly activity of the human brain – with a phenomenon we call “intelligence.” Yet, four billion years of evolution could have selected networks with topologies and dynamics that confer traits analogous to this intelligence, even though they were outside the intercellular networks of the brain. Here, we explore how macromolecular networks in microbes confer intelligent characteristics, such as memory, anticipation, adaptation and reflection and we review current understanding of how network organization reflects the type of intelligence required for the environments in which they were selected. We propose that, if we were to leave terms such as “human” and “brain” out of the defining features of “intelligence,” all forms of life – from microbes to humans – exhibit some or all characteristics consistent with “intelligence.” We then review advances in genome-wide data production and analysis, especially in microbes, that provide a lens into microbial intelligence and propose how the insights derived from quantitatively characterizing biomolecular networks may enable synthetic biologists to create intelligent molecular networks for biotechnology, possibly generating new forms of intelligence, first in silico and then in vivo.

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“…Moreover, Hinkle and Wood proposed that this behavior can be explained through geotropism in paramecium [17]. Another attempt by Gelber in 1952 showed that paramecia that had been exposed to food sources (Aerobacter aerogenes) on tip of a platinum wire will learn to accumulate on the tip of platinum wire after a few trials [18]. Again, this study was challenged 5 years later by Jensen [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Possible Molecular Mechanisms for Paramecium Learning

Alipour

Dorvash

Yeganeh

et al. 2017

Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies

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Learning is a cornerstone of intelligent behavior in animals. This behavior has been mostly studied in organisms with a fairly complex nervous system. However, recent reports of learning in unicellular organisms suggested the existence of associative learning in unicellular organisms. In particular, the capability to associate different light intensities with cathodal stimulation in paramecium is of special interest. We have investigated the previous reports on this phenomenon and proposed a molecular mechanism for learning behavior in paramecium. Specifically, we have used the existing evolutionary evidence in order to find the possible molecular pathways that may play a role in Paramecium's learning. Moreover, previous studies have been reviewed in order to propose new experiments that can verify the plausibility of the present hypothesis.

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Investigations of the behavior of Paramecium aurelia: I. Modification of behavior after training with reinforcement.

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Discrimination Learning in Paramecia (P. caudatum)

Discrimination Learning in Paramecia (P. caudatum)

Macromolecular networks and intelligence in microorganisms

Possible Molecular Mechanisms for Paramecium Learning

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