Investigations of the Uptake of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate by Phytoplankton

Spielmeyer, Astrid; Gebser, Björn; Pohnert, Georg

doi:10.1002/cbic.201100416

Cited by 43 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…At this point all replicates are comparable and observed variations of the intracellular osmolyte concentrations can be attributed to the adaption to different salinities. Using established filtration and extraction protocols we could reliably generate samples for profiling of zwitterionic osmolytes [20,21]. Our previously introduced method of HPLC separation on a ZIC‑HILIC column and mass spectrometric detection using an ESI q-Tof-mass spectrometer allowed direct monitoring of DMSP and glycine betaine [20,21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using established filtration and extraction protocols we could reliably generate samples for profiling of zwitterionic osmolytes [20,21]. Our previously introduced method of HPLC separation on a ZIC‑HILIC column and mass spectrometric detection using an ESI q-Tof-mass spectrometer allowed direct monitoring of DMSP and glycine betaine [20,21]. Since this method is highly sensitive for the detection of zwitterionic metabolites we can now extend its scope for the additional simultaneous monitoring of gonyol, DMS-acetate, homarine, trigonelline, trimethylammonium propionate (TMAP) and trimethylammonium butyrate (TMAB).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medium for cultures of Emiliania huxleyi (obtained from the Roscoff Culture Collection, Roscoff, France, strain number RCC1216) was prepared according to Spielmeyer et al [20]. Concentration of the sea salt (HW sea salt professional, aquaristik.net, Babenhausen, Germany) was modified to obtain salinity of 16‰, 20‰, 26‰, 30‰, 34‰ and 38‰, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For separation of osmolytes via UPLC we used the method of Spielmeyer [20] with water + 2% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and 90% acetonitrile + 10% water with 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (solvent B) as eluent system. The flow rate was set to 0.60 mL/min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interplay of all these potential osmoregulators under different salinities has hitherto not been addressed, which might be explained with methodological problems in the quantification of such small and highly polar metabolites. Recently we established a direct LC-MS method for simultaneous quantification of DMSP and glycine betaine, which is extended here for the comprehensive monitoring of all above mentioned zwitterionic metabolites [20,21]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronized Regulation of Different Zwitterionic Metabolites in the Osmoadaption of Phytoplankton

Gebser

Pohnert

2013

Marine Drugs

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The ability to adapt to different seawater salinities is essential for cosmopolitan marine phytoplankton living in very diverse habitats. In this study, we examined the role of small zwitterionic metabolites in the osmoadaption of two common microalgae species Emiliania huxleyi and Prorocentrum minimum. By cultivation of the algae under salinities between 16‰ and 38‰ and subsequent analysis of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), glycine betaine (GBT), gonyol, homarine, trigonelline, dimethylsulfonioacetate, trimethylammonium propionate, and trimethylammonium butyrate using HPLC-MS, we could reveal two fundamentally different osmoadaption mechanisms. While E. huxleyi responded with cell size reduction and a nearly constant ratio between the major metabolites DMSP, GBT and homarine to increasing salinity, osmolyte composition of P. minimum changed dramatically. In this alga DMSP concentration remained nearly constant at 18.6 mM between 20‰ and 32‰ but the amount of GBT and dimethylsulfonioacetate increased from 4% to 30% of total investigated osmolytes. Direct quantification of zwitterionic metabolites via LC-MS is a powerful tool to unravel the complex osmoadaption and regulation mechanisms of marine phytoplankton.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronized Regulation of Different Zwitterionic Metabolites in the Osmoadaption of Phytoplankton

Gebser

Pohnert

2013

Marine Drugs

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Processes driving seasonal variability in DMS, DMSP, and DMSO concentrations and turnover in coastal Antarctic waters

Asher

Dacey

Stukel

et al. 2016

Limnology & Oceanography

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This study presents new measurements of the concentrations and turnover rates of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in coastal waters near Palmer Station, Antarctica, during the spring and summer of 2012–2013. Using several novel analytical and experimental techniques, we document variability in DMS, DMSP, and DMSO (DMS/P/O) concentrations and quantify dominant production and removal terms in the mixed layer DMS budget. Our results demonstrate considerable seasonal variability in the concentration of DMS (range 0–20 nM), total DMSP (8–160 nM), and total DMSO (4–160 nM). Over the seasonal cycle, dissolved DMSP concentrations were well correlated with total DMSP concentrations and the abundance of Phaeocystis antarctica, while DMSO concentrations (total and dissolved) were well correlated with DMS concentrations. DMSP cleavage from the dissolved pool (mean rate = 5.5 nM d−1) and release from microzooplankton grazing (mean 5.6 nM d−1) were the dominant sources of DMS, with smaller DMS production rates associated with DMSO reduction from the dissolved pool (mean 2.6 nM d−1) and krill grazing (mean 0.82 nM d−1). Specific rate constants for DMSP cleavage were inversely related to net primary production. Bacterial uptake was a primary contributor to DMS removal (mean −12 nM d−1), and we observed a significant correlation between bacterial production and gross DMS loss rate constants. Estimated sea‐air flux and photo‐oxidation constituted secondary DMS sinks. Our experimental and analytical methods provide insight into the DMS/P/O cycle at Palmer Station, and a starting point for future studies examining inter‐annual DMS/P/O variability in coastal Antarctic waters.

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Biological sources and sinks of dimethylsulfide disentangled by an induced bloom experiment and a numerical model

Le Gland,

Masdeu‐Navarro,

Galí

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a climatically active trace gas promoting cloud formation. The biochemical precursor of DMS, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is a phytoplankton metabolite and a source of reduced sulfur for many microbial species. Because of the complex interactions between their many producers and consumers, the dynamics of DMSP and DMS in the ocean are still poorly constrained. In this study we measure particulate DMSP, dissolved DMSP (), and DMS concentrations in seven mesocosms where two consecutive phytoplankton blooms (first, pico‐ and nano‐algae; second, Emiliania huxleyi) were induced by nutrient addition, and we build a mechanistic numerical model to identify the sources and sinks that best account for the observations. The mesocosms were designed as replicates but differ from each other by their E. huxleyi virus abundance due to stochastic differences in initial conditions. The model shows that heterotrophic bacteria cannot be the only consumers of . A fraction of dissolved must be consumed by phytoplankton to avoid excessive accumulation during the first bloom. The induced blooms increase DMS concentration by 220% on average, until an increase in the abundance of DMS‐consuming bacteria brings DMS concentration back to its pre‐bloom value, after 3 weeks of experiment. Therefore phytoplankton blooms can increase DMS emission to the atmosphere, but only during a transient regime of a few weeks. The model also shows that the DMS yield, production and emission are increased when the coccolithophore bloom is terminated by a viral infection, but decreased if the infection occurs several days before the bloom can reach its maximum.

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Investigations of the Uptake of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate by Phytoplankton

Abstract: No change here: Analysis with doubly labeled [(13)C(2)D(6)]DMSP and LC/MS revealed that dissolved DMSP is taken up and stored intracellularly by diverse phytoplankton species without transformation. This is even true for species that produce no quantifiable amounts of DMSP themselves.

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Synchronized Regulation of Different Zwitterionic Metabolites in the Osmoadaption of Phytoplankton

Synchronized Regulation of Different Zwitterionic Metabolites in the Osmoadaption of Phytoplankton

Processes driving seasonal variability in DMS, DMSP, and DMSO concentrations and turnover in coastal Antarctic waters

Biological sources and sinks of dimethylsulfide disentangled by an induced bloom experiment and a numerical model

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