Investigations on copper zinc tin sulfide thin films grown through nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique

Gunavathy, K. V.; Tamilarasan, K.; Rangasami, C.; Arulanantham, A. M. S.

doi:10.1002/er.5451

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Similar XRD patterns have been reported earlier for CZTS. [1,6,7,18] Figure 2 shows dark and light I-V characteristics of CZTS films in a PEC containing 0.1 M sodium acetate where the films were grown by 1) sequential and 2) single-step electrodeposition methods, respectively. Both characteristics curves show cathodic photocurrents in the entire voltage domain and increase with the negative bias showing the typical p-type behavior of the films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1 ] In fact, the bandgap of CZTS matches well with the theoretically predicted ideal bandgap of a semiconductor which can absorb a good part of the solar spectrum and produces good solar cell outputs. [ 2 ] On the other hand, CZTS material has an additional advantage because it can be prepared by several methods such as sputtering, [ 3,4 ] thermal evaporation, [ 5,6 ] spray pyrolysis, [ 7,8 ] sol–gel technique, [ 9,10 ] and electrodeposition. [ 11,12 ] In the literature, it has been reported that PV devices fabricated with CZTS films prepared with different techniques demonstrate the efficiency dependence on growth techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study: Sequential and Single‐Step‐Electrodeposited CZTS Thin Films

Fernando

Jayathilaka

Wijesundera

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) is a relatively new and promising semiconductor material suitable for photovoltaic applications due to its favorable optoelectronic properties. Of the many techniques available for growing these films, a comparative study on sequential and single‐step electrodeposition methods to grow CZTS films is carried out in this investigation to explore the possibility of improving the quality of the films using the inexpensive electrodeposition technique. Mainly in both methods, potentiostatic electrodeposition technique is adopted for growing CZTS thin films. In both methods, growth conditions of the CZTS films are optimized after measuring the photoresponses in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell of the films that resulted at the end of each deposition step. The observed structural and optoelectronic properties of the films reveal that, in general, structurally good and photoactive CZTS films can be prepared using both methods. Moreover, photoresponse and Mott–Schottky measurements on CZTS films in a PEC reveal that CZTS films prepared using the single‐step electrodeposition have better photoactive properties and improved doping densities. This important finding shows that when developing CZTS‐based solar cells using the inexpensive electrodeposition technique, single‐step electrodeposition is more advantageous.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study: Sequential and Single‐Step‐Electrodeposited CZTS Thin Films

Fernando

Jayathilaka

Wijesundera

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…Various thin‐film deposition methods such as successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction, chemical bath deposition, sputtering and so on were used to sequentially stack the precursor layers to form CZTS thin film 11‐13 . Few other techniques such as spray pyrolysis and electrodepositions were used to obtain solution deposited CZTS thin films after subsequent sulfurization 14,15 . An investigation to understand the stack order influence using sputter‐deposited SnS, Zn and Cu as precursors suggested that soda‐lime glass (SLG)/Zn/SnS/Cu facilitates consistent growth, good adhesion and reduced surface roughness 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] Few other techniques such as spray pyrolysis and electrodepositions were used to obtain solution deposited CZTS thin films after subsequent sulfurization. 14,15 An investigation to understand the stack order influence using sputter-deposited SnS, Zn and Cu as precursors suggested that soda-lime glass (SLG)/Zn/SnS/Cu facilitates consistent growth, good adhesion and reduced surface roughness. 16 Another study concluded that SLG/ZnS/Sn/Cu order deposited using sequential sputtering had resulted in single-phase CZTS thin film with properties suitable for absorber layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stacking sequence on the structural ordering and phase formation in the sequentially deposited copper zinc tin sulfide thin films

Choudhari

Raviprakash

George

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary In this work, we have synthesized the copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin films using a two‐step process, that is, sequential evaporation and sulfurization. Copper (Cu), zinc sulfide (ZnS) and tin (Sn) were used as precursors and their stack sequence was varied to deeply investigate the impact of stack orders on the Cu/Zn disorder and phase. Each stack variation was subjected to sulfurization at 520°C, 550°C and 580°C. CZTS thin films with soda‐lime glass (SLG)/ZnS/Sn/Cu stack order exhibited kesterite structure and all the samples exhibited tetragonal crystal structure with preferred CZTS orientations. Order parameter Q obtained from Raman analysis showed significant variation with the change in stack order, which describes the Cu/Zn disorder in the system, implying its substantial dependence on the stacking sequence. The stack order SLG/ZnS/Sn/Cu had near stoichiometric composition while other sequences had Zn in excess and were Cu deficient. Morphological analysis showed a visible bifurcation of surface modification and growth due to stack order variation. Atomic force microscopy studies suggested that stack order and sulfurization temperature can be used as a tuning factor to vary the surface roughness. An optical band gap of 1.54 eV was obtained for stack order SLG/ZnS/Sn/Cu subjected to sulfurization temperature at 580°C. Broad asymmetric peak shape was obtained from photoluminescence (PL) measurement and analysis showed the shift of PL maxima toward lower energy, suggesting the increase in antisite disorder.

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“…Although there are several studies available using different fabrication mechanisms such as electrodeposition [20], coevaporation [21], chemical bath deposition [22,23], hydrothermal process [24], atomic layer deposition [25], thermal evaporation [26], chemical vapor transport [27] and solvothermal process [28], nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique (NSP) was found to be a suitable technique to produce highperformance thin lms at low energy consumption. NSP technique is an improvised form of conventional chemical spray pyrolysis technique [29]in which superior quality lms can be prepared due to the reduction in the droplet size of the precursor solution that is coming out of the nozzle through the replacement of conventional sprayer with a simple clinical nebulizer [30]. The current study aims to optimize the molarity of the precursor solution so as to increase the photodetection capability of the In 2 S 3 thin lms such as responsivity, detectivity and e ciency through low cost NSP technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing The Optoelectronic Properties of Nebulizer Sprayed In2S3 Thin Films For Photodetector Applications

Lavanyaa¹,

Kumar²,

Gunavathy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In the present work, the versatile Indium sulfide thin films (In2S3) are deposited on glass substrates using nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique at 350 °C for visible light detection application. The effect of the molar concentration of indium and sulfur on the structure, morphology, optical characteristics, and photo-sensing capability of the prepared In2S3 films were systematically studied in the range of 0.01 M to 0.03 M. The structural analysis showed a maximum crystallite size of 36 nm for 0.03 M sample. The morphological image from the scanning electron microscope showed a homogeneous large size grained surface of In2S3 film completely covering the substrate. The indium to the sulfur ratio in the prepared films ranged from 1.02 to 1.16 as the molar concentration was raised from 0.01 to 0.03 M. All the prepared films showed a good absorption in the ultraviolet and visible region of the electromagnetic spectra. The sample prepared at 0.03 M was found to have a minimum band gap of 2.38 eV and a maximum PL intensity at 480 nm. The I-V characteristics show a photocurrent of 1.4 × 10-5 A under visible light for an external bias voltage of ± 5 V. A maximum responsivity of 2.74 A/W, detectivity of 2.65 × 1010 Jones was exhibited by 0.03 M sample with a high EQE of 63.9 %. The prepared In2S3 thin film may find application as a photodetector.

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Investigations on copper zinc tin sulfide thin films grown through nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

A Comparative Study: Sequential and Single‐Step‐Electrodeposited CZTS Thin Films

A Comparative Study: Sequential and Single‐Step‐Electrodeposited CZTS Thin Films

Effect of stacking sequence on the structural ordering and phase formation in the sequentially deposited copper zinc tin sulfide thin films

Enhancing The Optoelectronic Properties of Nebulizer Sprayed In2S3 Thin Films For Photodetector Applications

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