Investigations on Epoxy-Carbamate Foams Modified with Different Flame Retardants for High-Performance Applications

Abstract

In transport sectors such as aviation, automotive and railway, materials combining a high lightweight potential with high flame retardant properties are in demand. Polymeric foams are suitable materials as they are lightweight, but often have high flammability. This study focuses on the influence of different flame retardants on the burning behavior of Novolac based epoxy foams using Isophorone Diamine carbamate (B-IPDA) as dual functional curing and blowing agent. The flame retardant properties and possible modifications of these foams are systematically investigated. Multiple flame retardants, representing different flame retardant mechanisms, are used and the effects on the burning behavior as well as mechanical and thermal properties are evaluated. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), used with a filler degree of 20 wt.% or higher, functions as the best performing flame retardant in this study.

High-Strength and Shape-Memory Epoxy Cellular Material with Wood-Like Architecture

“…In particular, epoxy cellular plastics, , one of the most commonly used cellular plastics, have drawn considerable attention for their excellent mechanical properties. Especially, epoxy cellular plastics with excellent compression resistance, low weight, and thermal stability are broadly applied in marine equipment, aircraft, − and vehicles. − During the past decades, many foaming technologies, such as chemical, solid-state, and CO 2 foaming, , have been developed to manufacture epoxy cellular plastics in the industry. However, it remains a great challenge to realize unique porous structures through these conventional production processes .…”

Glycidyl Carbamate Resins Synthesized through a Nonphosgene Route by Amidine-Based Superbases Using Recycled Polycarbonate

“…Because of this, the GC resins are different from PUs in terms of their reaction chemistry, properties, and applications. GC resins find applications in the areas of medical devices and marine coatings, , frost-resistant binders, impact modifiers for polyoxymethylene, flame-resistant foams for electronics, and space industry . Apart from that, an essential advantage of GC resins is the presence of self-cross-linking reactions of epoxide groups toward the active hydrogens of the carbamate, and the secondary hydroxyl group derived from the ring-opening reaction of epoxide group. , The ring-opening reaction of an epoxide group would generate a secondary hydroxyl group, which reacts with other epoxide groups to produce a cross-linked network, thereby resulting in a high cross-linking density in the epoxy resin .…”