Investigations on interactions between sodium species and coal char by thermogravimetric analysis

Interactions between Quartz Sand and Wood Doped with either K or Na Salts under Steam Gasification and Combustion Atmospheres

“…The reactions between the quartz sand and either the pure K 2 SO 4 or KCl salts can be insignificant under both atmospheres for the interaction tests, especially under the combustion atmosphere, as has been suggested by others. , Therefore, the formation of the agglomerates in the present study is due to the formation of either some intermediates or some organic associated compounds resulting from the reaction between the organic components of wood with either K 2 SO 4 or KCl. The formation of these intermediates and compounds has been indicated by others. ,,− ,, Some studies indicated that similar intermediates can also be formed for K 2 CO 3 . , These intermediates can react with the quartz sand to form the K-silicate coating layer. Pure K 2 CO 3 salt can also react with the quartz sand to form the agglomerates, as has been revealed previously. − Lang et al concluded that KAc can decompose to K 2 CO 3 , and follow the same pathway as K 2 CO 3 .…”

“…The formation of these intermediates and compounds has been indicated by others. 15,16,[19][20][21]23,35 Some studies indicated that similar intermediates can also be formed for K 2 CO 3 . 18,22 These intermediates can react with the quartz sand to form the Ksilicate coating layer.…”

“…Furthermore, previous studies indicated that no interaction has been detected between pure K 2 SO 4 or Na 2 SO 4 and quartz sand under either a steam gasification or combustion atmosphere. ,, Lang suggested that alkali phosphate forms glassy compounds that can coat the surface of carbon particles, thus inhibiting their reaction with the reaction gases . However, the behavior of pure K and Na salts is different from that of the K and Na salts within biomass because the organic components of biomass can affect the behavior of these salts during thermochemical processes. − Alkali carbonate, chloride, or sulfate can react with the organic components in biomass either to form some intermediates, such as alkali oxides, or to become organic associated. − The intermediates can interact with the quartz sand to form the coating layer. Hence it can be deduced that the interactions between K or Na salts and the organic compounds within biomass have a considerable influence on the reactions between these salts and quartz sand.…”

Facile Recoverable and Reusable Macroscopic Alumina Supported Ni-based Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Production

“…Nevertheless, one major problem of potassium catalysed gasification is the volatility of the potassium species, whereby the released gas-phase KCl leads to gasifier corrosion 12 and toxic vapours 13 . Meanwhile, the sodium may cause the formation of catalytically-inactive sodium aluminosilicates, attributed to the undesirable evaporation and reaction between sodium and other mineral matter 14,15 . The abundancy, cost-effectiveness, and non-volatile properties of the calcium compounds (CaCO 3 , CaO, and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) > 950 °C has attracted a number of researchers.…”

Mutual Influences between Organic Matter and Minerals during Oil Shale Pyrolysis

“…Moreover, it was reported that coal char may promote decomposition of some carbonates 14,15 decomposition temperature of Na 2 CO 3 decreased from 855 °C for pure Na 2 CO 3 to 602 °C in the presence of char. 15 If this observation applies to the oil shale pyrolysis, the decomposition of carbonates will contribute to the mass loss, which may be mistaken as the promoting effect of carbonates on organic matter pyrolysis. To our knowledge, the mutual influence between organic matter and minerals is rarely investigated during oil shale pyrolysis.…”