I would like to express my faithfull and deepest gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr.Wolfgang Holtz for his continuous support, guidance, encouragement, patience and wisdom throughout my PhD study. I would also like to extend my sincere thankfulness to my cosupervisor Prof. Dr. Dr. Matthias Gauly for his constructive criticism and valuable guidance.Sincere thanks are also extended to Prof. Dr. Dr. Udo ter Meulen who kindly accepted to be my third examiner. I acknowledge DAAD for the three and half year's fellowship, which gave me the chance to finish my PhD successfully.I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to Mrs. Grete Thinggaard ter Meulen, scientific adviser to study affairs, for her help and guidance. Many thanks go to Dr. J.Heinzemann and Mrs. B. Lunderstaedt, coordinators of IPAG for their co-operation and valuable help.Many thanks go to the staff of the Department of Animal Science, namely MS Birgit Sohnrey,