The solubility of a coal humic acid and the sorption of heavy metals
(Cu(II), Zn(II),
Co(II), and Cd(II)) in the absence
and presence of the humic acid were determined as a function of pH and
concentration of background electrolyte.
The solubility of the humic acid at low electrolyte concentration increases in
a 2-step process with increase in pH. About 80% dissolves in the pH
region 3–8·5, and the remainder in the region pH >8·5.
The sorption of metals occurs at pH values significantly lower than those
associated with the formation of insoluble metal hydroxides, with a maximum
occurring in the pH region 5·5–7·5, and involves the solid
state fraction of the humic acid. At the higher electrolyte concentration, the
solubility of the humic acid is again a 2-step process but the increase in
acid solution occurs over a relatively narrow pH range (5–6). At high
pH, the presence of the humic acid significantly reduces the precipitation of
the metals at both low and high salt concentration, probably due to the
formation of soluble metal–humate species. There is evidence to suggest
that the major functional group of the humic acid with which the metal cations
interact is the carboxyl group.