Investigations on the impact of hardening on the odour of an aqueous cavity preservation for automotive applications using sensory and instrumental analysis

Buchecker, Florian; Loos, Helene M.; Buettner, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.talo.2022.100095

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The second group of substances is thought to be prone to diffusion of the volatile compounds from within the materials of the vehicle interior. The sources of these compounds can be very diverse and can be both visible as well as non‐visible, and major as well as minor components 24,25 . As a result, these substances diffuse into the passenger cabin over an extended period of time, which can last months or even years 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sources of these compounds can be very diverse and can be both visible as well as non-visible, and major as well as minor components. 24,25 As a result, these substances diffuse into the passenger cabin over an extended period of time, which can last months or even years. 26 The following compounds may be assignable to this category: octanal, p-chloro-m-cresol, nonanal, ptert-butylphenol, γ-nonalactone, and the group of unsaturated alde- All in all, we could demonstrate that, in general, both vehicles were not identical in the decay of their odorants and also up-build of novel odors due to the passengers' characteristics.…”

Section: Decay Of Odorants In a Vehicle With Synthetic Fabric And Lea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smells like new car or rather like an old carriage? ‐ Resolution of the decay behavior of odorants in vehicle cabins during usage

2022

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In recent years, people spend more and more time in vehicles, for commuting, shopping, and other activities. The vehicle interior can therefore be considered to be part of the living environment.Recently, awareness about the air quality in general and especially the air quality in vehicles has increased. 1 As a consequence, research on the topic of indoor emissions in vehicles has gained momentum, and researchers focused, as a first approximation to the problem, on the total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration, and on individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are present in high concentrations or have the potential to be harmful to human health. 1,2

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Decay Of Odorants In a Vehicle With Synthetic Fabric And Lea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smells like new car or rather like an old carriage? ‐ Resolution of the decay behavior of odorants in vehicle cabins during usage

2022

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“…The control equation for the above non-monotonic effect and the derivation process are described in detail in the Chinese invention application "Non-isothermal Emission Simulation and Calculation Method of Volatile Organic Compounds in Automobile Interior Materials" [18]. Emission coefficient Dm(C(t)) and partition coefficient K(C(t)) for VOCs in material are calculated respectively as 1.81 (3) where Da 25 is the emission coefficient of VOCs in the air at 25 ˚C. The average of the hourly emittable concentrations Cm avg (t) of VOCs in material and Ca avg (t) in the air at each mesh vertice can be calculated respectively as…”

Section: Constructing the Control Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an OEM conducted sampling tests of the in-vehicle VOCs of a vehicle based on the standard HJ/T 400-2007 "Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonyl Compounds in Cabin of Vehicles" [6] in July and December 2021. The results of benzene were 4 μg/m 3 in July and 74 μg/m 3 in December, toluene was 79 μg/m 3 and 516 μg/m 3 , formaldehyde was 35 μg/m 3 and 56 μg/m 3 , and acetaldehyde was 65 μg/m 3 and 243 μg/m 3 . The concentrations of a variety of VOCs showed lower values in summer and higher in winter, with increases ranging from 60% to 1750%, and the acetaldehyde concentration had significantly exceeded the control limits of the standard GB/T 27630-2011 "Guideline for Air Quality Assessment of Passenger Car" [7] , indicating of the out-ofcontrol of VIAQ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…They are a vital concern in the development of each vehicle model. They are controlled in terms of interior raw materials selection and process of optimization of auto parts to make the VOCs and odors of the prototype vehicle meet the requirements of the industry standards and health indicators [1,2,3] . In principle, once the raw materials and methods are determined, it could maintain similar levels of VIAQ in vehicle at the mass production stage and the prototype vehicle at the development stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation Analysis of Out-of-control Reason of Vehicle Interior Air Quality

2024

jmpd

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To determine the main reasons of out-of-control of vehicle interior air quality (VIAQ) during mass production, we constructed a three physical field coupling simulation model, which included dilute matter transfer, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) distribution across temperature ranges, and VOCs convective flow. Effects of storage temperature, ventilation rate, ventilation pollution, storage time, and emission difficulty on the VOCs concentration of a sample of interior materials were quantitatively analyzed. Simulation results showed that storage temperature fluctuation could cause an emittable concentration increase of up to 71% at 25℃, which was the most likely out-of-control reason of VIAQ; ventilation pollution can significantly contribute to uncontrolled vehicle air quality with up to 82% concentration increase; fluctuations in ventilation rate and interior materials that are less likely to emit VOCs would not cause the VIAQ to be out of control; higher heating devolatilization temperatures can result in a faster reduction of emittable concentration in the interior materials at 25 ˚C.

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New car odor: sensory and molecular characterization of odors and potential sources of smell in the vehicle interior

Gschwind,

Büttner

2023

Lebensmittelchemie

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The typical new car smell is very distinctive. Depending on vehicle brand and class, this characteristic odor differs in intensity and elicits either approval or rejection among vehicle purchasers. Up to now, only limited information has been available on the molecular composition of the new car odor. Vehicle manufacturers (OEMs) are mainly concerned with the analysis of toxic compounds and (odorless) main components of the gas phase of the vehicle interior. In addition, OEMs usually do not have an appropriate equipment to characterize odorants by instrumental analysis. Therefore, this work deals with the investigation of odors and potential sources of smell in the vehicle interior. In the first two chapters of this thesis, odor‐active compounds of an aqueous cavity preservation were analyzed by means of solvent extraction, gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) and odor extract dilution analysis (OEDA). Odorants of the investigated corrosion inhibitor could enter the vehicle interior via air bridges between the vehicle body and the passenger cabin and could have a considerable influence on the odor. Identification of the potent odors by twodimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry coupled with olfactometry (2D‐GC‐ MS/O) revealed a series of carboxylic acids and lactones as the main odor contributors of the cavity preservation. The hardening of the cavity preservation affected a change of the odor profile due to the evaporation of odor‐potent lactones which was confirmed by a descriptive odor profile analysis. A comparison with odorants of individual materials of the vehicle interior investigated in literature revealed that both identified substance classes are present in a wide variety of materials and, consequently, contribute to the odor in the vehicle interior. In the third chapter of this thesis, odorants of the aqueous cavity preservation were investigated by means of emission test chamber experiments with the aim to obtain further insights into the odorant composition. Since no appropriate method existed to investigate odorants in a gas phase in the form of a liquid odor extract, different sampling strategies, such as chamber air absorption and adsorption, were compared. Subsequent investigations by GC‐O and OEDA revealed potent carboxylic acids and lactones in the gas phase of the heated cavity preservation using each sampling method. In addition, more detailed results were obtained in a descriptive odor profile analysis by sample presentation of chamber air in odor bags compared to a presentation in glass vessels according to VDA 270. As a result, the developed methods may be extended for the investigation of odorants in air of big vehicle assemblies or whole vehicle interiors. In the fourth and the fifth chapter of this thesis, odorants of two new car interiors with different seat covers were analyzed as general proof of principle. For this purpose, air of the vehicle interiors was investigated in a whole vehicle test stand for interior emissions by means of adsorption and subsequent elution of the volatiles. Following GC‐O and 2D‐GC‐MS/O analyses, 39 odorants were identified belonging to various substance classes such as esters, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated ketones, rose ketones, phenol and benzene derivatives, and pyrazines. Furthermore, ten important odorants were quantified which could be detected in a descriptive odor profile analysis. After the initial investigation, both vehicles were used by a customer in his everyday life. At specific time intervals during use, the odorant composition of the vehicle cabins was analyzed by means of sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis after sampling on the test stand for interior emissions. The knowledge of the decay behavior of the odorants allowed further pinpointing of the most important odorants that caused the typical new car odor in the two investigated cars during vehicle usage. Based on these findings, a targeted investigation of individual components regarding the identified odorants and, thus, a reduction of the exposure to smelly substances in the vehicle interior will be significantly facilitated.

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Investigations on the impact of hardening on the odour of an aqueous cavity preservation for automotive applications using sensory and instrumental analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Smells like new car or rather like an old carriage? ‐ Resolution of the decay behavior of odorants in vehicle cabins during usage

Smells like new car or rather like an old carriage? ‐ Resolution of the decay behavior of odorants in vehicle cabins during usage

Simulation Analysis of Out-of-control Reason of Vehicle Interior Air Quality

New car odor: sensory and molecular characterization of odors and potential sources of smell in the vehicle interior

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