Investigations on thermo-pneumatic volume actuators based on PCB technology

Wego, Ansgar; Glock, Hans-Walter; Pagel, Lienhard; Richter, Stefan

doi:10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00649-5

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Micro-pumps are smaller than conventional fans and consume less power. They can be divided into the following types: electromagnetic [3,4], piezoelectric [5][6][7], shape memory alloy [8], electrostatic [9], thermo-pneumatic [10], and dynamic, which are typically represented by electro-hydrodynamic [11] and magneto-hydrodynamic [12,13] pumps. Electromagnetic and piezoelectric devices are often used as actuators in commercial products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Actuator Driven Magnetically in the Bi-Cell PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Hsu

2017

Metals

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This study develops an air breathing pump driven by a piezoelectric actuator for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. Permanent magnets are combined with a piezoelectric actuator to drive three air breathing pumps using magnetic force. This design enables the pump to provide a sufficient amount of air simultaneously to six cathode flow field plates in a stack of three "bi-cell PZTmag-PEMFCs". When both the PZTmag and the PDMSmag had a magnet with a 6-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness, a maximum amplitude of 87 µm was generated at 0.03 W of power under operating conditions of 70 Hz and 40 V. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), when the nozzle and the diffuser of an air breathing pump have an aspect ratio of 13.13, air flow distributes uniformly inside the pump, thus allowing for uniform transmission of oxygen to the membrane electrode assembly. This aspect ratio was applied to the bi-cell PZTmag-PEMFC stack and yielded a maximum net power flux of 0.1925 W·cm −2 , 20% higher than that reported in a previous study , with 68% and 76% less volume and weight, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Actuator Driven Magnetically in the Bi-Cell PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Hsu

2017

Metals

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“…However, the volume expansion achieved by paraffin actuators is typically limited to a few tens of percent. From a fabrication point of view, pure thermopneumatic actuators [7][8][9] where a gas's thermal expansion is used might be an attractive alternative, but they are very limited in what pressure and thus the volume change that they can produce. Hydrogel actuators, on the other hand, show large expansions capabilities and can in many cases be used for actuating liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact, low-cost microliter-range liquid dispenser based on expandable microspheres

Roxhed¹,

Rydholm²,

Samel³

et al. 2006

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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This work presents a new low-cost liquid dispenser for the dispensing of microliters to milliliter volumes. The dispensing mechanism is based on a thermal actuator where highly expandable microspheres expand into a liquid reservoir consequently displacing any stored liquid. All device components are made out of low-cost materials and the fabrication process has the potential for high volume batch manufacturing. The device utilizes the property of the expandable microspheres to form a heat insulating layer between the heat source and the delivered liquid. Moreover, it does not require any feed back or complicated flow metering. The device was successfully tested showing a mean dispensed volume of 101 µl with a standard deviation of 3.2% and with a maximum temperature of 59• C in the liquid during actuation. It was shown that the dispenser is strong enough to deliver against counter pressures as high as 75 kPa. The device can also function as a low flow rate dispenser as demonstrated in a microfluidic dye laser application. The flow rate can be controlled between 1 µl h −1 and 2400 µl h −1 by adjusting the actuation power.

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“…The simplest systems consist of a small cavity filled with a material, in most cases a fluid, that expands upon heating. This can be either a liquid, like water, isopropanol or special designated fluids like the Performance Fluids fabricated by 3M [1,2] or a gas, which in most cases is normal air [3,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. On one side the cavity is sealed off by a membrane .…”

Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several materials are used to form a membrane. Polymers like silicon rubber [14,1,2], parylene [2], polymide [21,3], PDMS [6,7,10,18,20], Kapton [9,8], Mylar [8] are used because of their strength and flexibility, but the silicon itself is also used as a membrane material [4,13,5,19,15,12]. In order to reduce the residual stress and generate a larger deflection a corrugated membrane can be used instead of a flat membrane [5,4,13].…”

Section: Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum operating frequency depends not only on the time it takes the actuator to heat the working liquid and generate a membrane deflection, but also on the time it requires to return to its initial state. This last step takes much more time [15,9] and often is the limiting step for the maximum frequency. For all the thermo-pneumatic actuators mentioned in this section the maximum operating frequency is only several Herz.…”

Section: Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explosive micro-bubble actuator

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Investigations on thermo-pneumatic volume actuators based on PCB technology

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

A Novel Hybrid Actuator Driven Magnetically in the Bi-Cell PEM Fuel Cell Stack

A Novel Hybrid Actuator Driven Magnetically in the Bi-Cell PEM Fuel Cell Stack

A compact, low-cost microliter-range liquid dispenser based on expandable microspheres

Explosive micro-bubble actuator

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