Investigations on tribological properties of non-catalytic CVD synthesized carbon spheres in lubricant

Panickar, Radhika; Sobhan, C. B.; Chakravorti, S.

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107834

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Due to the unique physical and chemical properties, carbon ball can significantly improve the friction properties of base oil [12]. Panickar et al have synthesized carbon spheres using noncatalytic CVD method, the as-prepared carbon spheres displayed good tribological properties due to rolling friction, and the friction coefficient of the neat oil reduced by 11% with addition of 0.3 wt% of carbon spheres [13]. The carbon spheres with abundant functional groups were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization method, which as additives reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate by 33.2% and 24.2% respectively [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ formation of nitrogen doped microporous carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for anti-wear and friction reduction

Wang

Xie

et al. 2023

Friction

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This study presents a nitrogen-doped microporous carbon nanospheres (N@MCNs) prepared by a facile polymerization–carbonization process using low-cost styrene. The N element in situ introduces polystyrene (PS) nanospheres via emulsion polymerization of styrene with cyanuric chloride as crosslinking agent, and then carbonization obtains N@MCNs. The as-prepared carbon nanospheres possess the complete spherical structure and adjustable nitrogen amount by controlling the relative proportion of tetrachloromethane and cyanuric chloride. The friction performance of N@MCNs as lubricating oil additives was surveyed utilizing the friction experiment of ball-disc structure. The results showed that N@MCNs exhibit superb reduction performance of friction and wear. When the addition of N@MCNs was 0.06 wt%, the friction coefficient of PAO-10 decreased from 0.188 to 0.105, and the wear volume reduced by 94.4%. The width and depth of wear marks of N@MCNs decreased by 49.2% and 94.5%, respectively. The carrying capacity of load was rocketed from 100 to 400 N concurrently. Through the analysis of the lubrication mechanism, the result manifested that the prepared N@MCNs enter clearance of the friction pair, transform the sliding friction into the mixed friction of sliding and rolling, and repair the contact surface through the repair effect. Furthermore, the tribochemical reaction between nanoparticles and friction pairs forms a protective film containing nitride and metal oxides, which can avert direct contact with the matrix and improve the tribological properties. This experiment showed that nitrogen-doped polystyrene-based carbon nanospheres prepared by in-situ doping are the promising materials for wear resistance and reducing friction. This preparing method can be ulteriorly expanded to multi-element co-permeable materials. Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon nanospheres (B,N@MCNs) were prepared by mixed carbonization of N-enriched PS and boric acid, and exhibited high load carrying capacity and good tribological properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ formation of nitrogen doped microporous carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for anti-wear and friction reduction

Wang

Xie

et al. 2023

Friction

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“…The tribological characteristics of lubricants containing carbon spheres were discussed in [24]. In all these works, experimental studies were conducted using a four-ball tribometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the works mentioned relied on tests conducted using a four-ball tribometer [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In [27,28], the authors proposed an energy parameter, namely the specific work of the wear of a test material composed of ball-bearing steel in the tested lubricating medium, to assess the tribological characteristics of lubricants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presented methodology and parameters for the assessment of the effectiveness of anti-wear and extreme pressure additives include the mandatory determination of the wear index and its inclusion in the general formula. In our opinion, this methodological approach reduces the information content of the test results obtained from a four-ball tribometer [24,29,30]. Excluding the wear indicator from the general formula for the estimation of the integral parameter can significantly enhance the method's information content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Methodological Approach to Assessing the Tribological Properties of Lubricants Using a Four-Ball Tribometer

Al-Quraan,

Alfaqs,

Haddad

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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Based on the analysis of standards for the testing of lubricants, both liquid and plastic, on a four-ball tribometer, and the analysis of the parameters by which lubricants are evaluated, this paper proposes a methodology and an integral parameter for the estimation of tribological properties. The methodological approach proposed in this paper allows for the integration of a variety of parameters provided in the standards for the testing of lubricants into one indicator. Herein, we show that the developed technique is based on the energy approach and takes into account the specific wear work of the test material (steel balls) in the lubricating medium to be investigated. The results of laboratory tests of a wide range of lubricants are presented: hydraulic fluids, motor and transmission oils of various purposes and classifications. It is shown that the magnitude of the integral parameter can be used to assess the effectiveness of anti-wear and anti-scuff additives in base lubricants, as well as the ranges of their applications. This allows for differentiation and quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of such additives. The obtained results allow us to state that all tests according to the developed method are reproducible and homogeneous, which is confirmed using the Cochran criterion. The coefficient of variation during testing does not exceed 18%. We show that the presented methodology and the integral parameter can be used in the first stage of the laboratory selection tests of new lubricants and additives of various origins, reducing the costs of their development and implementation.

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“…A simple, cost-effective, and feasible thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setup has been utilized for the synthesis of ACSs, which gives good repeatability in its synthesis and a high yield. Unlike other carbon materials, amorphous carbon spheres are also widely explored for various engineering applications in tribology, , sensing, , supercapacitors, and many more owing to their smooth spheroidal morphology, cost-effective synthesis, and good yield. The ACS-impregnated PU sponge was developed for the effective removal of organic solvents and oils from water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Amorphous Carbon Sphere-Based Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Sponges for Oil/Water Separation

2021

Self Cite

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In this experimental study, a commercially available polyurethane (PU) sponge coated with amorphous carbon spheres (ACSs) is investigated for oil/water separation. The ACSs synthesized using chemical vapor deposition are embedded in the PU sponge by a simple dip-coating method. The superhydrophobic ACS-PU sponge exhibits a water contact angle (WCA) of 156.2 ± 1° and a sliding angle <5°. The prepared sponge exhibits high absorption capacity, removal of oil spills from water, and demulsification of an oil-in-water emulsion. Absorption capacities of 32–68 times the ACS-PU sponge weight were obtained for different organic solvents and oils. It was found that the prepared ACS-PU sponge can effectively absorb oils under both static and turbulent conditions. Compared with the reported studies on the loading of different carbon materials in sponges for oil/water separation, ACSs in PU have a low loading percentage of ∼7 wt % and better absorption recyclability. The method proposes a simple and cost-effective preparation technique of highly hydrophobic and oleophilic ACS-PU sponges for effective oil/water separation.

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Investigations on tribological properties of non-catalytic CVD synthesized carbon spheres in lubricant

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

In-situ formation of nitrogen doped microporous carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for anti-wear and friction reduction

In-situ formation of nitrogen doped microporous carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for anti-wear and friction reduction

A Methodological Approach to Assessing the Tribological Properties of Lubricants Using a Four-Ball Tribometer

Highly Efficient Amorphous Carbon Sphere-Based Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Sponges for Oil/Water Separation

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