Investigations on Vertical Land Movements Along the North Sea and Baltic Sea Coast in Germany With Ps Interferometry

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The project ‘Determinations on the absolute sea-level rise on the German North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts’, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) , has the overall goal to estimate the absolute sea level change in those coastal areas. A major issue associated with detecting absolute sea level changes is the relative character of tidal records. To calibrate the tidal records, a spatial vertical land movement model for northern Germany has been set up. To this end we combined a network from German Height Reference Systems (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz, DHHN 95 and DHHN 2016), reprocessed data from 180 permanent GNSS stations and results from Persistent Scatterer (PS) Interferometry.</p><p>PS processing covers an approximately 50 km wide strip along the 1200 km long German coast. We processed two tracks from Sentinel-1A and -1B from October 2014 to September 2018 and generated a combined spatial solution for the estimation of vertical land movement. In general, vertical velocities from PS Interferometry range between ±2 mm/a and show a homogeneous distribution for coastal areas. Therefore we consider them as stable. We observe subsidence in the area around Groningen and Emden through hydrocarbon extraction. In Wilhelmshaven and Etzel subsidence associated with cavern storage is visible.</p><p>Processed GNSS data and PSI results overlap in time from 2014 to 2016. The integration of the spatial multi-temporal PS results with point-wise GNSS time series data are required, as they form the main input data for the further development of our vertical displacement model of northern Germany.</p>

Review of Works Combining GNSS and InSAR in Europe

“…In addition, some very particular studies of the combined use of GNSS and SAR data, categorized as Other (Figure 4), recorded the following: (i) sea level change detection along the coastline of Brest, France [187], along the North Sea and Baltic Sea Coast in Germany [188] and in the Northern Mediterranean Sea [189]; (ii) flood inundation modeling of Northamptonshire [190]; (iii) mine collapse monitoring in Rudna Mine, Poland [191]; (iv) surface and roughness and sediment texture characterization [192]; and (v) a new approach description of precise datum collection [193].…”