Investigations on white spot disease reveal high genetic diversity of the fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876) in China

Yang, Hao; Tu, Xiao; Xiao, Jieyin; Hu, Jingbo; Gu, Zemao

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738804

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As a highly virulent pathogen in aquaculture, I. multifiliis is known for its serious impact on freshwater fish [ 10 ]. Thus, in the present study, we performed an integrated investigation of the life cycle of I. multifiliis , whereby morphological characteristics and gene expression profiles were described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated morphological and transcriptome profiles reveal a highly-developed extrusome system associated to virulence in the notorious fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

et al. 2023

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Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an obligate parasitic ciliate that causes severe economic damage in aquaculture. The parasite contains numerous extrusive organelles (extrusomes) that assist in its pathogenesis and reproduction. However, the structure of these extrusomes and the molecular profiles involved in exocytosis remain unclear. In the present study, through comparative ultrastructural observations across the life cycle of I. multifiliis , we demonstrated that all three of its life stages (theront, trophont, and tomont) exhibited an abundance of extrusomes. In addition, two different types of extrusomes were identified according to their unique structures. Type I extrusomes (mucocysts) are crystalline, oval-shaped, 0.7–1.4 × 0.6–1.1 μm, and distributed as “rosettes” below the trophont membrane. Type II extrusomes, 2.0–3.0 × 0.2–0.3 μm, are rod-shaped with tubular cores and identified as toxicysts, the aggregation of which in the anterior part of the theront and cortex of the trophont revealed their potential roles in I. multifiliis invasion. This was confirmed by our transcriptome investigations of the three stages of I. multifiliis , which revealed that a set of genes involved in proteolysis and DNA/protein biogenesis was highly expressed in the theront and trophont. Furthermore, to map the molecular mechanisms of extrusome release, we characterized 25 Rab family genes in I. multifiliis and determined their expression profiles across the life cycle, reflecting the distribution patterns of the two extrusomes. Collectively, our data revealed that a highly developed extrusome system could play a potential role in the virulence of I. multifiliis , which facilitates a better understanding of the parasite’s development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an obligate parasitic ciliate that accounts for large-scale mass mortality events in freshwater aquaculture and the ornamental fish industry [ 9 , 10 ]. Its direct life cycle contains parasitic (trophont) and non-parasitic (tomont and theront) phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated morphological and transcriptome profiles reveal a highly-developed extrusome system associated to virulence in the notorious fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

et al. 2023

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“…In this study, we utilized transcriptome analysis to investigate the interaction between the teleost OM and the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), which poses a significant threat to the global trout farming industry because of its potential to cause severe economic losses (Yang et al 2023 ). Our findings highlight the successful invasion of the OM by Ich and the resulting pathological damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal immune responses to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in the ocular mucosa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), an ancient teleost fish

Kong,

Ding,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Mar Life Sci Technol

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The eye, as a specialized visual organ, is directly exposed to the external environment, and, therefore, it faces constant challenges from external pathogenic organisms and toxins. In the ocular mucosa (OM) of mammals, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) constitute the primary line of defense. However, the immune defense role of the OM remains unknown in aquatic vertebrates. To gain insights into the immune processes within the OM of teleost fish, we developed an infection model of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) OM using a parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich). Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and H&E staining revealed that Ich successfully infiltrates the OM of rainbow trout, leading to pathological structural changes, as evidenced by A&B staining. Importantly, the qPCR results indicate an up-regulation of immune-related genes following Ich infection in the OM. Moreover, transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect immune responses and impairments in eye function within the OM of rainbow trout with Ich infection. The results of the transcriptome analysis that Ich infection can cause an extensive immune response in the OM, ultimately affecting ocular function. To the best of our knowledge, our findings represent for the first time that the teleost OM could act as an invasion site for parasites and trigger a strong mucosal immune response to parasitic infection.

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Identification of Myxobolus distalisensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infecting yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson), with a supplement description of M. voremkhai (Akhmerov, 1960) Landsberg and Lom, 1991

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2023

Syst Parasitol

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Investigations on white spot disease reveal high genetic diversity of the fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876) in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Integrated morphological and transcriptome profiles reveal a highly-developed extrusome system associated to virulence in the notorious fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Integrated morphological and transcriptome profiles reveal a highly-developed extrusome system associated to virulence in the notorious fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Mucosal immune responses to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in the ocular mucosa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), an ancient teleost fish

Identification of Myxobolus distalisensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) infecting yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson), with a supplement description of M. voremkhai (Akhmerov, 1960) Landsberg and Lom, 1991

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