Investigations on Yield in the Cereals. Victoria. I. Census studies 1927–29

Förster, Helga; Vasey, A. J.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600088390

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Engledow & Kamiah stressed the importance of earliness of tillering and tillering capacity as important indices of yielding ability of wheat varieties growing under highly fertile conditions. Under less favourable conditions in Australia and New Zealand (Forster & Vasey, 1931;Frankel, 1935), ear survival rather than tillering ability is recognized as the important index. Hudson (1934) showed that a high tillering variety would only be expected to have an advantage over a low tillering variety where the amount of food material available was above a certain level.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Yield characters of selected oat varieties in relation to cereal breeding technique

Stephens

1942

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Results obtained from two seasons' population studies of selected spring oat varieties in Scotland indicated that extent of tillering had little or no effect on yield. These results are in sharp contrast with those obtained by workers with wheat.2. The yield of individual plants under the conditions of the experiments became adjusted to differences in population density primarily by variation in number of grains per panicle. Spikelet weight tended to be negatively correlated both with population density (external competition) and with number of grains per panicle (intrapanicle competition). These factors tended to neutralize each other.3. The decrease in size of additional grains in spikelets with more than one grain was balanced by increased weight of the basal grains as compared with the weight of a single grained spikelet. Average grain weight per spikelet therefore tends to remain constant.

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Section: Review Of Previous Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Yield characters of selected oat varieties in relation to cereal breeding technique

Stephens

1942

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Kiesselbach & Weihing (1933) and Hudson (1941a) attach little importance to plant spacings so long as the optimum seed rate is employed. Spacing experiments conducted in nursery plots by Forster & Vasey (1930), Engeldow (1925) and Frankel (1930) showed that up to a point, wider spacing between plants increased the yield of grain, and that varieties differed greatly in their response to spacing. The disparity in the results between field census and nursery plots was explained by Smith (1937) and Hudson (19416) by a hypothesis of competition between variable plant densities in the field trials, while the competition is uniform in the nursery plots because of even spacing.…”

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The effect of some factors on growth, development and yield of winter wheat

Holmes

Tahir

1956

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. The effect of three factors (nitrogen level, time of nitrogen application and weed control) and their interactions on three different plant densities of winter wheat have been measured. Data concerning the growth, development and yield have been examined.2. Plant populations of 104,000, 155,000 and 281,000 per acre produced on the average of all treatments 21·3, 22·4 and 23·2 cwt. grain per acre, respectively.3. An increase in nitrogen fertilizer to the 2 cwt. sulphate of ammonia per acre level increased the grain yield of all populations. This response followed an increase in the number of tillers and an increase in the percentage of tillers producing ears. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen level and plant density. The nitrogen content of the grain increased with nitrogen level.4. Time of nitrogen application did not affect the grain yield, although it did cause considerable differences in the growth and development of the plants. There was no significant interaction betweentime of application and plant density. The late application of nitrogen produced a lower yield of straw and a higher nitrogen content in the grain.5. Weed control increased the grain yield of all plant populations, this increase following an increase in the number of ears per plant. There was a significant interaction between weed control and plant density. Weed control raised the yield of the low plant population by 3·9 cwt. per acre compared with 0·9 and 2·0 cwt. for the medium and high populations. Weed control also increased the nitrogen content of the grain.6. The only other interaction concerning grain yield which was significant was that of weed control with time of nitrogen application. Weed control increased the yield of the early and late applications but inexplicably reduced the yield of the intermediate date.7. It is concluded (a) that the experiment provided no evidence that the yield of a thin stand of winter wheat can be increased further by altering normal nitrogen fertilizer application or by altering the time of application of the fertilizer; (b) that for good results weed control is essential where the plant population is low.

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Analytische Ertragsstudien an Getreide

Fränkel¹

1932

Der Züchter

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Die Pflanzenziichtung hat in den letzten Jahren eine deut!iche Tendenz zur Qualit~itsziiehtung gezeigt, naehdem vorher Ertrag oft zu einseitig bearbeitet worden war. Ertragssteigerung bildet aber nach wie vor ein Problem erster Wichtigkeit, ganz besonders im Getreidebau.Ertragszfichtung stellt ein hochkompliziertes Problem dar und demgemfiB stehen ihr verschiedene Wege often. Sie kann sich eine erh6hte Anpassungsf~ihigkeit an lokale Bedingungen von Klima und Boden zum Ziel setzen, oder vermehrte Widerstandsf~ihigkeit gegen sch~dliche Einflfisse. Solche ,,physiologische Charaktere", wie Winterfestigkeit, Dfirre-, Wind-, Krankheitsresistenz, Lagerfestigkeit usw., obwohl in ihren biologischen Grundlagen schwer erfaBbar und fast v611ig unerforscht, setzen ihrer Bestimmung in der ztiehterischen PraXis nicht uniiberwindliche Schwierigkeiten entgegen. Die ,,morphologisehen Charaktere" sind der biologisehen Analyse ebensowenig zug~nglfch. Aber sogar dem Zfichter bietet ihre empirische Erfassung die gr613ten Schwierigkeiten, die dadurch nicht geringer werden, dab er sieh ihrer nur zu oft nieht bewuBt ist.Die Bedeutung der morphologiseheu Charaktere --gemeint sind hier ausschlieBlich einfache Ertragsmerkmale, wie K0rngewicht, Bestockung, nicht etwa anatomische Elemente --fiir die Ertragszfiehtung, insbesondere ffir die Kombinationsziichtung, steht in umgekehrtem Ve> h~iltnis zu unserer Kenntnis ihrer Elemente und Zusammenh~inge. Ffir den Zfichter sind es insbesondere die folgenden MaBnahmen, in denen er regelm~il3ig eine Wertung morphologischer Ertragseigenschaften vornimmt, wobei wir grundsgtzlich nur direkte Ertragseigenschaften ins Auge fassen, nnter Ausschlug aller ,,physiologischen" und ,,Resistenz"-Charaktere:i. Die Wahl yon Elternformen; 2. Selektion yon Einzelpflanzen in spaltenden Familien in F 2, F a usw. ;3. Selektion yon (scheinbar) homozygotischen Famfllen m F2, Fa usw. ~ In der Wahl der Elternformen werden bisher

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Investigations on Yield in the Cereals. Victoria. I. Census studies 1927–29

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Yield characters of selected oat varieties in relation to cereal breeding technique

Yield characters of selected oat varieties in relation to cereal breeding technique

The effect of some factors on growth, development and yield of winter wheat

Analytische Ertragsstudien an Getreide

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