Investigations with the Castor Bean Plant: I. Adaptation and Variety Tests<sup>1</sup>

Domingo, W. E.; Crooks, D. M.

doi:10.2134/agronj1945.00021962003700090008x

Cited by 11 publications

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“…C astor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important cash crops grown under diverse climatic conditions in the world, especially in Asian countries. It has a low demand for irrigation and nutrition (Domingo and Crooks, 1945), high seed oil content, and good yielding ability (Koutroubas et al, 1999). Historically, the crop was mainly used for manufacturing industrial surfactants, coatings, greases, fungicidal surfactants, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.…”

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Determining Salinity Threshold Level for Castor Bean Emergence and Stand Establishment

Zhou

et al. 2010

Crop Science

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Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is grown on marginal lands that can be prone to having medium to high salt concentrations. This study was done to identify a salinity threshold level for castor bean emergence and stand establishment. Seedlings were first cultured in organic matter–soil mixed media at different salinity levels (0.5, 3.6, 7.1, 10.4, and 13.6 dS m−1) and then transplanted into pots filled with soils at similar salinity levels (0.4, 3.6, 7.1, 10.4, and 13.6 dS m−1). Emergence, survival, seedling growth, nutrient accumulation, and leaf photosynthetic parameters were determined. The salinity threshold level was identified at 7.1 dS m−1 At this salinity level or lower, the emergence rate and survival rate reached 75% or higher; and seedling growth, nutrient accumulation, and leaf photosynthetic parameters were not severely affected. As the salinity level increased to 10.4 and 13.6 dS m−1, emergence rate dropped to below 70%, and survival rate below 50%. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were reduced by up to 66% and chlorophyll reading by up to 24%. Nutrient uptake and accumulation were also significantly reduced at these two salinity levels. Our results indicate that castor bean could be cultured in plastic seedling trays filled with organic matter–soil mixed seedling media and then transplanted into conventional soils provided that the salinity levels in seedling media and conventional soils are ≤7.1 dS m−1

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confidence: 99%

Determining Salinity Threshold Level for Castor Bean Emergence and Stand Establishment

Zhou

et al. 2010

Crop Science

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“…Reduction in the length of average growing season was reported to lower castorbean yield ( 1,3,5), seed weight ( 1,5), and oil content ( 1,5) . In 1945 a growing season of at least 180 days was reported as necessary for castorbean production (2). In 1957 yields in excess of 3,000 pounds p~r acre, which is near the current maximum commercial production, were obtained in 150 days ( 6).…”

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Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season I. Effect of Date of Plant Desiccation¹

Kittock¹,

Williams

1967

Agronomy Journal

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Castorbean plants (Ricinus communis L.) were killed by chemical desiccant at weekly intervals during the fall in four tests in 2 years in Nebraska. Effects of desiccation on total yield and germination were determined. Yield, weight per 100 seeds, and germination were also determined for sequential racemes. Natural freeze was the check treatment. Yield increased at a uniform rate with delay of desiccation except in one test severely affected by Alternaria leaf spot disease. The average weekly increase in yield for the four tests was 199 kg per ha. Primary racemes were mature at the time of first treatments. The contribution of secondary, tertiary and quaternary racemes to yield increased during the entire course of the treatments. Seed weight from secondary and tertiary racemes increased with maturity. Germination was positively and significantly correlated with seed weight. The highest percentage germination was obtained from late September and early October desiccation treatments. Freezing of immature seeds and weathering of mature seeds reduced germination. Drying of seed following plant desiccation required about 10 days and did not reduce germination. Yield loss from 10 days' growth prior to freeze was calculated to be 284 kg per ha. On basis of low seed germinations obtained in these tests, the feasibility of castorbean production for seed in Nebraska would be questioned.

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“…Weight per 100 seeds sampled from sequential racemes approximated the results obtained in the desiccation tests. 3 The primary racemes had the heaviest seed; secondary, ter- tiary, and quaternary racemes had progressively lighter seed. Seed within a sequential raceme group was lighter with later plantings (shorter growing season) .…”

Section: Weight Per 100 Seeds and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weekly yield increases of 282 and 356 kg/ha from Mississippi and 93 kg/ha from ,Texas were cited. 3 The uniform weekly increase in yield' in the fall could be interrupted by many adverse factors including disease, cool growing weather, inadequate late season nitrogen, or inadequate soil moisture.…”

Section: Effect Of Length Of Growing Season On Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season. II. Date of Planting Tests¹

Kittock¹,

Wlliams

1967

Agronomy Journal

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Yield of irrigated castorbeans (Ricinus communis L.) in Nebraska was highest when planted the first 2 weeks of May, particularly when Alternaria leaf spot [Alternaria ricini (Yoshii) Hansford] was not a factor in the results. for nonirrigated castorbeans there was little difference in yield for any May plantings. April and June plantings were lower in yield. The time required for emergence was correlated with soil temperature and decreased with later plantings. Total emergence increased from 55% for March planting to 75% for June plantings. Lodging was inversely correlated with hypocotyl diameter within but not between varieties. Weight per 100 seeds in most cases was highest for primary racemes and progressively lower for secondary, tertiary, and quaternary racemes. Seed from racemes, particularly tertiary and quaternary, rapidly decreased in weight with later plantings. A positive and significant correlation coefficient of 0.88 was found between weight per 100 seeds and germination percentage. Seeds from earlier planting dates tend to have higher germination.

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Investigations with the Castor Bean Plant: I. Adaptation and Variety Tests¹

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Determining Salinity Threshold Level for Castor Bean Emergence and Stand Establishment

Determining Salinity Threshold Level for Castor Bean Emergence and Stand Establishment

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season I. Effect of Date of Plant Desiccation¹

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season. II. Date of Planting Tests¹

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Investigations with the Castor Bean Plant: I. Adaptation and Variety Tests1

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Determining Salinity Threshold Level for Castor Bean Emergence and Stand Establishment

Determining Salinity Threshold Level for Castor Bean Emergence and Stand Establishment

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season I. Effect of Date of Plant Desiccation1

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season. II. Date of Planting Tests1

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Investigations with the Castor Bean Plant: I. Adaptation and Variety Tests¹

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season I. Effect of Date of Plant Desiccation¹

Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season. II. Date of Planting Tests¹