“…Analysts' optimism bias can easily mislead investors' decisions because the negative information of the firms cannot be revealed quickly to outside investors, which means increasing information asymmetry between investors and corporate insiders [75,76] . When the accumulated negative information reaches a tipping point, it will suddenly be released to the stock market, resulting in a stock price crash [35] , which can reduce investors' confidence and thus has a negative impact on firms' innovation quality.…”