Invisible Survivors: Causes and Consequences of Violence Against Older Women and Promising Solutions

McCleary-Sills, Jennifer; Crockett, Cailin; Cooper, Bergen

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60417-6_15

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Much of this work is cross-sectional, limiting assumptions of causality. Nonetheless, it is presumed that poorer reproductive control among women contending with IPV impedes pregnancy prevention in the form of contraceptive use, thereby increasing risk for unintended pregnancy [1, 7, 9]. Studies from diverse regions have found that women reporting IPV are less likely to use contraception, supporting this hypothesis [2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, it is presumed that poorer reproductive control among women contending with IPV impedes pregnancy prevention in the form of contraceptive use, thereby increasing risk for unintended pregnancy [1, 7, 9]. Studies from diverse regions have found that women reporting IPV are less likely to use contraception, supporting this hypothesis [2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11]. However, there is conflicting evidence on this point, with recent research from South Asia indicating that IPV is associated with greater likelihood of contraceptive use [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of intimate partner violence with unintended pregnancy and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use in South Asia

Raj

McDougal

2015

Contraception

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Objective-To assess associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) with pregnancy intendedness and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use among pregnant women in South Asia.Study Design-Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from Bangladesh, India and Nepal for married, pregnant women aged 15-49 years who responded to IPV assessments specific to current marriage (N=4738). Adjusted logistic and multinomial regression analyses were conducted with pooled data to assess associations of IPV ever (sexual only, physical only, sexual plus physical, none) with the outcomes of pregnancy intendedness (wanted, mistimed or unwanted) and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use (no, traditional, or modern), for the current pregnancy.Results-IPV was not associated with a mistimed or unwanted pregnancy. Sexual IPV was associated with pre-pregnancy modern contraceptive use (aOR=2.32, 95% CI=1.24, 4.36); sexual plus physical IPV was associated with pre-pregnancy traditional contraceptive use (aOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.12, 3.07). Post-hoc analysis of reasons for pre-pregnancy contraceptive discontinuation revealed that women with a history of IPV, particularly sexual IPV, had higher prevalence of contraceptive failure (sexual only: 37.3%, sexual plus physical: 30.9%, physical only: 22.6%, no IPV: 13.6%). Conclusion-Pregnantwomen who experienced sexual IPV from husbands were more likely to use contraceptives pre-pregnancy but had no reduced risk unintended pregnancy, possibly due to higher rates of pre-pregnancy contraceptive failure among those with this history. These findings Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Implications-Family planning services are reaching women affected by sexual IPV, and programs should be sensitive to this concern and the heightened vulnerability to contraceptive failure these women face. Long-acting reversible contraception could be beneficial by allowing women to have greater reproductive control in situations of compromised sexual autonomy. HHS Public Access

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of intimate partner violence with unintended pregnancy and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use in South Asia

Raj

McDougal

2015

Contraception

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, recent studies demonstrated that women living in multi-generational households are less likely to be using modern FP [7, 28] and to have an institutional delivery [23] as compared to women living in nuclear households (with just the husband, wife, and their unmarried children present). Furthermore, men living in multi-generational households tend to want larger family sizes than those in nuclear households [25] and some of their reproductive decisions may be influenced by the larger family network [7, 28]. Other studies from South Asia have demonstrated the importance of mothers-in-law in influencing sexual and reproductive health behaviors, including the timing of childbearing, use of FP, and the role of the daughter-in-law in the household [22, 24, 33, 34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies to date regarding the role of living with the mother-in-law in shaping reproductive health outcomes have focused on rural areas, used qualitative data, or used nationally representative surveys [6, 8, 12, 22–24, 28]. A few exceptions are studies from urban areas in Pakistan using quantitative data that have shown that mothers-in-law remain influential, even in urban settings where women may be more empowered and mobile [7, 29, 30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive study of the role of household type and household composition on women’s reproductive health outcomes in urban Uttar Pradesh, India

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMore needs to be known about the role intra-familial power dynamics play in women’s reproductive health outcomes, particularly in societies like Northern India characterized by patriarchy and extended families. The key research question we explore is: how important are living arrangements (e.g., presence of the mother-in-law, presence of an elder sister-in-law, and living in the husband’s natal home) on contraceptive use behaviors and decision to deliver at an institution?MethodsRepresentative data collected in 2010 from six cities in Uttar Pradesh are used to examine the above research question. This study uses multivariable logistic regression methods to examine the association between women’s household type (husband’s natal home vs. not husband’s natal home) and household composition (lives with mother-in-law; and lives with elder sister-in-law) and modern family planning use and institutional delivery.ResultsMore than sixty percent of women in the sample live in their husband’s natal home, one-third live with their mother-in-law, and only three percent live with an elder sister-in-law. Findings demonstrate that women who live either with the mother-in-law or in the husband’s natal home are more likely to use modern family planning than those women living neither with the mother-in-law nor in the husband’s natal home. In addition, living with an elder sister-in-law is associated with less family planning use. For institutional delivery, women who live with the mother-in-law have higher institutional delivery than those not living with the mother-in-law. Multivariable analyses demonstrate that, controlling for other factors associated with modern family planning use, women living with neither the mother-in-law nor in the husband’s natal home are the least likely to use modern family planning. Similar findings are found for institutional delivery such that those women living with neither the mother-in-law nor in the husband’s natal home are the least likely to have an institutional delivery, controlling for demographic factors associated with institutional delivery.ConclusionsWhere women live and who they live with matters. Future reproductive health programs for urban India should consider these context specific factors in programs seeking to improve women’s reproductive health outcomes.

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Contraceptive discontinuation in Egypt as fertility returns to its 2000 level

Khalifa

Hussein

Metwally

2020

JHASS

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Purpose The similarity of family planning (FP) indicators from EDHS2014 to that of EDHS2000 is alarming for policymakers and researchers who consider it as an echo of the past and a threat, which the FP programme has to face to prevent its progression. In 2000, the total fertility rate (TFR) was 3.5, the contraceptive prevalence rate was 56.1% and the discontinuation rate was 29.5%. In 2014, these indicators were 3.5, 58.5 and 30.1%, respectively. Although the change in the all method discontinuation rate is not large, it is a result of great changes in the method specific discontinuation rates, which was masked by changes in the contraceptive method mix. This study aims to present a comparison between contraceptive discontinuation rates in 2000, 2008 and 2014, discuss the reasons for discontinuation by methods and background characteristics of women and calculate the impact of eliminating discontinuation for reasons related to method and service provision on fertility. Design/methodology/approach Single/multiple decrement life tables were applied to the calendar data of the EDHS2008 and EDHS2014, to examine various net rates of contraceptive discontinuation by reasons and the status after discontinuation. The TFR estimated in the absence of method failure and abandonment while in need of births occurred within 24 months after discontinuation using installed Stata command tfr2. Findings The study estimates the impact of discontinuation on the TFR in 2014 to be an increase of about 20%. The TFR of 3.5 would have been only 2.8 if discontinuation due to method failure and method/service-related reasons were eliminated. Improvement regarding discontinuation behaviour is evident by increased switching, from 43.6 to 54.3% and the drop in the proportion of abandoning use while in need from 56.4 to 45.7%. Differentials suggest that discontinuation is expected to increase among vulnerable groups as desired fertility continues to rise. The increase in the share of “desire to become pregnant” – as a reason for discontinuation is a recent trend observed during the period between EDHS2008 and EDHS2014 and is recognised as a challenge by the national population strategy. Originality/value This study confirms that contraceptive discontinuation is an important part of the overall fertility increase observed by EDHS2014. The rising trend of increased desired family size and the shift away from using the intra uterine device may be considered as major challenges facing the FP programme in Egypt.

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Invisible Survivors: Causes and Consequences of Violence Against Older Women and Promising Solutions

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Associations of intimate partner violence with unintended pregnancy and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use in South Asia

Associations of intimate partner violence with unintended pregnancy and pre-pregnancy contraceptive use in South Asia

Descriptive study of the role of household type and household composition on women’s reproductive health outcomes in urban Uttar Pradesh, India

Contraceptive discontinuation in Egypt as fertility returns to its 2000 level

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