In initiating and maintaining talk with people with intellectual impairments, members of care staff use a range of recurrent conversational devices. We list six of the more common of these devices, explain how they work interactionally, and speculate on how they serve institutional interests. As in other dealings between staff members and the people with intellectual impairments they support, there is a pervasive dilemma between, on the one hand, encouraging participation and , on the other, getting institutional jobs done. We show how the practices of encouraging talk that we describe move between the two horns of that dilemma.