Invited review: Antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: A review of genetic determinants and prevalence of resistance in European countries

Naranjo‐Lucena, Amalia; Slowey, Rosemarie

doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22267

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The percentage of isolates resistant to cefoxitin observed in this study was among the highest reported for European countries [18]. On the other hand, an increase in AR to the other antimicrobials tested was not observed though it was reported to occur globally for S. aureus strains causing bovine mastitis or isolated from milk and dairy products, specifically to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin and oxacillin [19,20].…”

Section: Phenotypic Ar Of S Aureus Isolatescontrasting

confidence: 55%

Recent Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Causing Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

Rossi¹,

Matto²,

Saletti³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study was aimed to examine the recent trends of antibiotic resistance (AR) prevalence in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of animals with clinical mastitis in areas of the Abruzzo and Molise regions in central Italy. Fifty-four S. aureus isolates could be obtained from routine testing for clinical mastitis agents carried out in the author institution in years 2021 and 2022. These were analyzed for phenotypic resistance to eight antibiotics recommended for testing by European norms and belonging to the antibiotic classes used for mastitis treatment in milk producing animals. Moreover, the presence of 14 transferable genetic determinants encoding resistance to the same antibiotics was analyzed by qPCR tests developed in this study. Phenotypic resistance to non-β-lactams was infrequent, with only one 2022 isolate resistant to clindamycin. However, low level resistance to the β-lactam cefoxitin was observed in 59.2% isolates in both years making these isolates classifiable as methicillin resistant. The AR genotypes detected were blaZ gene (50% 2021 isolates and 44.4% 2022 isolates), ermC/T- aphA3-blaZ (one 2021 isolate), ant6-ermC/T-aphA3-blaZ (one 2021 isolate), ermB-blaZ (one 2022 isolate) and mecA-mph (one 2022 isolate). An interview to the veterinarians who conferred the samples, regarding antimicrobials prescribed for mastitis treatment and criteria of usage, indicated a possible causal relation with the AR test results. The low prevalence of AR genotypes, not increasing in time, most probably reflecting the reported management of antibiotic therapies in farms. However, the frequently observed cefoxitin resistance needs to be explained genotypically, further monitored and limited by modifying antibiotic usage practices. The identification of a mecA positive isolate in 2022 suggests to investigate further if this genotype is emerging locally.

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Section: Phenotypic Ar Of S Aureus Isolatescontrasting

confidence: 55%

Recent Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Causing Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

Rossi¹,

Matto²,

Saletti³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The percentage of isolates resistant to cefoxitin observed in this study was among the highest reported for European countries [ 29 ]. According to the EUCAST AST guidelines, S. aureus strains resistant to cefoxitin have an MIC > 4 µg/mL, a value that coincides with the ECOFF of the species for cefoxitin, and in most cases they harbor a mec A or mec C gene [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Recent Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Causing Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to investigate the recent trends of antibiotic resistance (AR) prevalence in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the milk of animals with clinical mastitis in areas of the Abruzzo and Molise regions in Central Italy. Fifty-four S. aureus isolates were obtained from routine testing for clinical mastitis agents carried out in the author institution in the years 2021 and 2022 and were analyzed for phenotypic resistance to eight antibiotics recommended for testing by European norms and belonging to the antibiotic classes used for mastitis treatment in milk-producing animals. Moreover, the presence of 14 transferable genetic determinants encoding resistance to the same antibiotics was analyzed using qPCR tests developed in this study. Phenotypic resistance to non-β-lactams was infrequent, with only one 2022 isolate resistant to clindamycin. However, resistance to the β-lactam cefoxitin at concentrations just above the threshold of 4 µg/mL was observed in 59.2% of isolates in both years, making these isolates classifiable as methicillin-resistant. The AR genotypes detected were the blaZ gene (50% of 2021 isolates and 44.4% of 2022 isolates), aphA3-blaZ- ermC/T (one 2021 isolate), aphA3-ant6-blaZ-ermC/T (one 2021 isolate), blaZ-ermB (one 2022 isolate) and mecA-mph (one 2022 isolate). An inquiry into the veterinarians who provided the samples, regarding the antimicrobials prescribed for mastitis treatment and criteria of usage, indicated a possible causal relation with the AR test results. The occurrence of AR genotypes did not increase in time, most probably reflecting how mastitis was treated and prevented in farms. However, the frequently observed cefoxitin resistance needs to be explained genotypically, further monitored and limited by modifying antibiotic usage practices. The identification of a mecA-positive isolate in 2022 suggests further investigation if this genotype is emerging locally.

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“…Thus, mastitis-diagnosed quarters had more difficulties obtaining better recovering rates when biofilm-producing microorganisms such as S. aureus were the causative agents, so it could be inferred that the effects of MPFF were determined by the initial udder health status of the quarters treated, as stated before for other antimicrobial compounds [ 92 , 93 ]. Nevertheless, treatment failure to remove pathogens may be associated not only with the pathogen species, antimicrobial used, or initial udder health status, but even with the administration route, antimicrobial resistance, therapy duration, mastitis severity grade, and lack of immune response [ 4 , 36 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mastitis-positive cases in dairy cattle. MPFF could be used as a new choice against antimicrobial resistance prevalence which threatens animal and human welfare and health, food safety, environment, and economic development [ 36 ]. In addition to MPFF, other specific natural compounds obtained recently from plants showed similar clinical implications for mastitis treatment and prevention and should also be taken into account for future applications in Staphylococci-derived infections in dairy cattle [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intramammary Infusion of Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) in Mastitis-Diagnosed Dairy Cows Naturally Infected by Staphylococcus spp. in the Late Lactation

Gutiérrez-Reinoso,

Uquilla,

Guamaní

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Infectious mastitis is the most prevalent health problem in dairy cattle that can result in permanent economic losses on dairy farms. The micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) is a biocompatible active polyphenolic compound derived from flavonoid glycosides which exhibits several antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and phlebotonic properties. The goal was to assess the effects of an alternative therapy for mastitis based on MPFF intramammary infusions in late lactation in dairy cows naturally infected by Staphylococcus spp. The California Mastitis Test (CMT scores) was performed to detect mastitis-positive quarters in twelve dairy farms. All cows were screened for immune response by measuring somatic cell counts (SCCs; cells/mL) in milk samples from each quarter. In addition, bacteriological identification, pathogenic bacterial isolates, and total bacterial counts (TBCs; CFU/mL) were assessed before (day 0, last milking day) and after (day 3 post-calving) MPFF application. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the pathogenic isolated bacteria were evaluated. Finally, cure rates (%) were determined for each MPFF treatment. Around 15 mastitis-related genera were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (25.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS; 22.4%) were the most prevalent pathogens. No statistical differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after low, medium, and high MPFF dose administration in S. aureus-positive mastitis cases (p > 0.05). However, differences were observed in SCCs and TBCs after medium and high MPFF dose administration in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). The pathogenic bacteria isolate reduction after MPFF applications showed a dose-response fashion (p < 0.01) while isolates obtained from controls and low MPFF-treated quarters remained similar, irrespective of the pathogen (p > 0.05). Sensitivity patterns were variable, although S. aureus remained resistant, irrespective of the MPFF dose. However, CNS showed a dose-response sensitivity pattern. Finally, the cure rate (%) on day 3 post-partum improved significantly using medium and higher MPFF doses in CNS-positive quarters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MPFF treatment was found to be more effective for CNS-positive cases in the late lactation due to noticeable dose-specific responses regarding somatic cells, bacterial counts, sensitivity patterns, and cure rates in dairy cattle.

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Invited review: Antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: A review of genetic determinants and prevalence of resistance in European countries

Cited by 45 publications

References 191 publications

Recent Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Causing Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

Recent Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Causing Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

Recent Trends of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Causing Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

Intramammary Infusion of Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) in Mastitis-Diagnosed Dairy Cows Naturally Infected by Staphylococcus spp. in the Late Lactation

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