Invited review: Diagnosis of zearalenone (ZEN) exposure of farm animals and transfer of its residues into edible tissues (carry over)

Dänicke, Sven; Winkler, Janine

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.009

Cited by 93 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Owing to the known importance of homogenization (Dänicke & Winkler, ), we used finely chopped tissue samples instead of solid samples, as reported previously (Zhang et al, ). For deproteinization, we compared the analytes extracted with either acetonitrile or methanol from chicken muscle and milk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue analysis of tebufenozide and indoxacarb in chicken muscle, milk, egg and aquatic animal products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Choi

Zheng

El‐Aty

et al. 2019

Biomedical Chromatography

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We developed an analytical method using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) to detect and quantify tebufenozide (TEB) and indoxacarb (IND) residues in animal and aquatic products (chicken muscle, milk, egg, eel, flatfish, and shrimp). The target compounds were extracted using 1% acetic acid (0.1% acetic acid for egg only) in acetonitrile and purified using n‐hexane. The analytes were separated on a Gemini‐NX C18 column using (a) distilled water with 0.1% formic acid and 5 mm ammonium acetate and (b) methanol with 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. All six‐point matrix‐matched calibration curves showed good linearity with coefficients of determination (R2) ≥0.9864 over a concentration range of 5–50 μg/kg. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy was expressed as the recovery rate at three spiking levels and ranged between 73.22 and 114.93% in all matrices, with a relative standard deviation (RSD, corresponding to precision) ≤13.87%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of all target analytes ranged from 2 to 20 μg/kg, which were substantially lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) specified by the regulatory agencies of different countries. All samples were collected from different markets in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and tested negative for tebufenozide and indoxacarb residues. These results show that the method developed is robust and may be a promising tool to detect trace levels of the target analytes in animal products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue analysis of tebufenozide and indoxacarb in chicken muscle, milk, egg and aquatic animal products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Choi

Zheng

El‐Aty

et al. 2019

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Dänicke and Brezina 2013, Dänicke and Winkler 2015). The guidance values for critical dietary concentrations of DON and ZEN as recommended by the European Commission (European Commission 2006) were derived from extensive literature compilations performed by European Food Safety Authority (European Food Safety Authority 2004a, 2004b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycotoxins are such substances with deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) being important feed contaminants in terms of frequency of occurrence and level of contamination (Döll and Dänicke 2011). Although ruminants are regarded as quite resistant to both toxins, mainly due to the ruminal toxin metabolism of DON and ZEN resulting in less toxic or active derivatives (de-epoxy-DON/de-DON) or such with equal or lower (β-zearalenol [ZEL]), and to a less extent with higher activity (α-ZEL) than the parent toxins (Dänicke and Brezina 2013, Dänicke and Winkler 2015), the impact of feeding diets contaminated with DON and ZEN in a physiological state energetically critical for the cow on health status and immune system was addressed only in a few studies (Kinoshita et al 2015, Keese et al 2008a, b). As immune responses require additionally energy it seems to be reasonably to hypothesise that the energy status of the cow is related to health- and immune-traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological, clinical–chemical and immunological consequences of feeding Fusarium toxin contaminated diets to early lactating dairy cows

et al. 2016

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Dairy cows experience a negative energy balance at the onset of lactation which results in an enhanced vulnerability for infectious diseases. Any dietary imbalances, including Fusarium toxin contamination, might therefore exacerbate this situation. The aim of the present investigations was to study the effects of increasing dietary concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on clinical-chemical, haematological and immunological traits up to week 14 of lactation. For this purpose, ten cows each were assigned to a control group (CON; 0.02 mg ZEN and 0.06 mg DON per kg diet at 88 % DM), toxin level 1 (TOX-1; 0.29 mg ZEN and 2.31 mg DON per kg diet at 88 % DM) and toxin level 2 (TOX-2; 0.58 mg ZEN and 4.61 mg DON per kg diet at 88 % DM). The measured values of most parameters were affected by parturition but only a few of them were further modified by dietary treatment. For example, the time-dependent decrease in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and erythrocyte counts occurred at a significantly higher level for group TOX-2 while a serum glucose increase was missing in this group. Proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells decreased significantly over time solely in group TOX-2 while the CD4+/CD8+ ratio remained uninfluenced. Ability of granulocytes to mount an oxidative burst tended to increase at the end of the study in groups TOX-1 and TOX-2 while the opposite was observed in group CON. The results of this time-limited study indicate that feeding of Fusarium-toxin contaminated diets in early lactation affects health related parameters without compromising milking performance. However, long-term consequences of the observed effects on health need to be addressed in further studies.

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“…Earlier studies have concluded that, given that measurable Fusarium mycotoxin levels imply vast consumption, milk does not normally pose as a human health hazard arising from contaminated feeds lactating dairy cows are fed on (Prelusky et al, 1990;Dänicke and Winkler, 2015). However, some authors have emphasised the necessity for further investigations into the levels of Fusarium mycotoxins in milk (Coffey et al, 2009; Flores-Flores et al, 2015), especially in heavy rainfall periods characterised by significant temperature changes that favour the formation of these mycotoxins in cereals, consequently causing the contamination of dairy cow feeds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in feedstuffs and cow milk sampled from Croatian farms during 2015

et al. 2017

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Mycotoxins may contaminate food of animal origin due to the carry-over effect and represent a potential risk to human health. The problem of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination becomes an issue especially during rainy years characterised by substantial temperature changes. The aim of this study was to investigate into the level of Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FUM) in maize silage (n=21), concentrated dairy cattle feeds (n=56) and cow milk samples (n=105), taken during 2015 from households located in four Croatian regions. The presence of mycotoxins was determined using validated ELISA methods. A high level of feedstuffs' contamination was evidenced, especially with ZEN, with values higher than recommended observed in 9.5 % of maize silage samples. Fourteen point three percent (14.3 %) of milk samples were DON positive, with the toxin concentrations ranging from 5.4 to 67.3 µg/L. ZEN was determined in 94.3 % of milk samples, ranging from 0.3 to 88.6 µg/L. FUM were not detected in any of the analysed milk samples. Given the tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) defined for these mycotoxins, human health risks arising from the consumption of cow milk can generally be considered low, even in times characterised by weather conditions that facilitate the production of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals subsequently used as dairy cattle feed. The exception represents particular milk samples in which high ZEN concentrations were found.

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Invited review: Diagnosis of zearalenone (ZEN) exposure of farm animals and transfer of its residues into edible tissues (carry over)

Cited by 93 publications

References 151 publications

Residue analysis of tebufenozide and indoxacarb in chicken muscle, milk, egg and aquatic animal products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Residue analysis of tebufenozide and indoxacarb in chicken muscle, milk, egg and aquatic animal products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Haematological, clinical–chemical and immunological consequences of feeding Fusarium toxin contaminated diets to early lactating dairy cows

Presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in feedstuffs and cow milk sampled from Croatian farms during 2015

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