Involution of Bursa Cloacalis (Fabricii) and Thymus in Cyclosporin A‐Treated Chickens

Milićević, Živana; Živanović, Vedran; Milićević, Novica M.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00358.x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Estudos concernentes à morfologia do timo das aves têm sido realizados na última década (Nascimento, 2002;Santana et al, 2007) com o intuito de estabelecer um padrão vascular e biométrico, para que possam ser utilizados por pesquisadores de outras áreas como elementos de comparação, pois dados morfológicos, como o peso e o tamanho do timo, são excelentes indicadores do estado de saúde das aves e, portanto, poderão ajudar no melhor entendimento de enfermidades infecciosas e da capacidade de resistências a elas (Milicevic et al, 2002;Marín et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Morfologia e biometria do timo em araras dos gêneros Ara e Anodorhynchus

C.D

Gonçalves

Santana

et al. 2013

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOForam utilizados 12 exemplares de Ara ararauna -seis fêmeas e seis machos -, cinco exemplares de Ara chloropterus (uma fêmea e quatro machos) e dois exemplares de Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus -uma fêmea e um macho -, todos adultos, doados por criadouro particular, após óbito natural. Os lobos foram dissecados e medidos com paquímetro -comprimento x largura x espessura -e analisados quanto ao peso, à topografia e à morfologia individual. Independentemente do gênero, foram identificados, em 17 casos (89,5%), lobos tímicos nos antímeros cervicais esquerdo e direito, e em oito casos (42,1%), lobos na cavidade celomática. Os lobos apresentaram formatos alongados -52,6% -, arredondados -21,1% -ou ovalados -15,8% -, posicionados preferencialmente ventromedialmente ao longo do plexo vasculoneural do pescoço, com número médio de cinco lobos por antímero, tamanho médio de 0,49cm de comprimento, 0,12cm de largura e 0,05cm de espessura e peso médio de 0,076g. Palavras-chave: araras, anatomia comparada, aves silvestres, morfologia do timo ABSTRACT

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Morfologia e biometria do timo em araras dos gêneros Ara e Anodorhynchus

C.D

Gonçalves

Santana

et al. 2013

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…The luminal epithelium (Figs 4a, 5b, 7 and 10) is morphologically different in interfollicular areas (IFEs, according to Milicevic et al. 2002), where it generally appears as a cuboidal monolayer (Figs 3, 5b and 10b), while follicle‐associated zones (FAEs, Milicevic et al. 2002) have a tall columnar epithelium (Figs 5b and 10b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4d). This network is located in the innermost zone of the cortex, which, separated by the follicular epithelium (Milicevic et al 2002), borders the medulla of the lymphoid follicles, the so-called cortico-medullary border (Ciriaco et al 1994), and is well delineated by histochemical staining with the lectin e-PHA ( Fig. 4b).…”

Section: Superficial and Interfollicular Blood Supply Of The Bfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent changes in the pigeon bursa of Fabricius vasculature: a comparative study using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of vessel casts

Abbate¹,

Pfarrer²,

Jones³

et al. 2007

Journal of Anatomy

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The present study was carried out to analyse the vascularization of the pigeon bursa cloacalis of Fabricius and to determine whether it undergoes age-dependent changes during its functionally most important growth period after hatching of the pigeon. Morphological assessment of vascular corrosion casts, studied qualitatively and quantitatively, was applied for the first time to investigate the vascularization of the pigeon pigeon bursa of Fabricius. This also allowed us to analyse the microvasculature and morphological aspects of the vessel interrelationships as occurring in the natural state. The casts were compared with histological sections stained by haematoxylin-eosin and by binding of the lectin e-PHA ( Phaseolus vulgaris, erythroagglutinin) to blood vessels. The vascular architecture of the bursa of Fabricius of the pigeon revealed that the organ is irrigated via two pathways, first through the terminal capillary system of lymphoid follicles arising from the internal pudendal artery, and secondly through arteries originating from the cloacal vasculature of the collum of the organ supplying the periluminal capillary system of the pigeon bursa of Fabricius. Both systems are drained by a venous system which is collateral to the system of the internal pudendal artery and clearly functions as a direct link between the lumen and vasculature of the cloaca or gut, respectively, and the bursa fabricii. This could allow the lymphocytes to be confronted with antigens from the contents of the gut, and their subsequent transport into the secondary lymphoid organs of the organism. Our results demonstrate that the blood vessels, as major and supplying part of the lymphoid system of the bursa Fabricii, clearly reflect three different phases of development: the evolution phase from about day 20 until day 50 posthatching, the mature phase from days 50 to 90, and the involution phase after day 90. During the evolution phase the density of the vessel system rapidly increases, while in the mature phase the vascular architecture is maintained. The involution phase is dominated by vascular degeneration combined with shrinkage of the whole organ. Therefore, the morphology of the vasculature distinctly reflects the functional status of this primary lymphoid organ during its lifespan.

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“…It turns out that particular parts of thymus and lymphatic follicles of bursa of Fabricius are not stable structures. Changes manifesting as the lymphocyte disappearance have been observed during involution of bursa of Fabricius and thymus, associated with sexual maturation, as well as during viral and bacterial diseases (Milicevic end Milicevic 1993;Ortiz et al 2001;Milicevic et al 2002). Lymphocyte depletion, similar to that taking place during infectious diseases, accompanies stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Spleen Germinal Centres in Immunized and ACTH-treated Chickens

Graczyk¹,

Kuryszko²,

Madej³

2003

Acta Vet. Brno

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Graczyk S., J. Kuryszko, J. Madej: The Reactivity of Spleen Germinal Centres in Immunized and ACTH-treated Chickens. Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 523-531.The aim of the study was to estimate the reactivity of spleen white pulp structures in chickens immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and remaining under the influence of ACTH. The 11-week-old chickens were divided into four groups. Group I constituted the control, while chickens of groups II and IV were immunized with SRBC. Chickens of groups III and IV were given ACTH. The sections of thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were done and used for histological evaluation. The number of germinal centres of the types I and II was estimated on the determined spleen surface.It was shown that after SRBC administration in the thymus cortex and in medulla of bursa of Fabricius, proliferation of lymphoid cells was visible. However, after ACTH administration in the discussed thymus and bursa parts, lymphocyte depletion was observed. Morphometric analysis of the spleen showed that after the administration of SRBC and ACTH there is observed the increase in the number of the type II germinal centres.The results of the study indicated the diversified antigen influence on the morphological picture of the lymphatic organs. They also showed different sensitivity of particular structures to administered ACTH. Moreover, the earlier observations and current results allowed to work out the model of formation and movement of different types of germinal centres in the spleen. Chickens, spleen, germinal centres, ACTH, SRBCNumerous environmental factors evoke in an animal organism a set of functional and morphological changes, called stress by H. Selye. These changes most often lead to an adaptation, making it possible for the organism to survive in the changing conditions. According to Puvadolpirod and Thaxton (2000ab), in birds it is difficult to specify a typical stress picture and predict the course of stress. This results not only from the variety of stressors but most of all, from the character of the reaction, in which main coordination systems of the organism play a dominant part. An important role is played by the endocrine system and its hormones, especially glucocorticoids which, ensuring the development of adaptation, at the same time contribute to protection against excessive activation of endogenous processes which threaten with self-destruction (Tomaszewska and Przekop 1997; M itchell and Kettlewell 1998;Goldstein and McEwen 2002). A prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is responsible, among others, for metabolic changes and changes in cells and tissues of the lymphatic system. It has been shown that both the stressors and parenteral administration of ACTH to birds leads, to clear changes in circulating blood, through activation of the above-

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Involution of Bursa Cloacalis (Fabricii) and Thymus in Cyclosporin A‐Treated Chickens

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Morfologia e biometria do timo em araras dos gêneros Ara e Anodorhynchus

Morfologia e biometria do timo em araras dos gêneros Ara e Anodorhynchus

Age‐dependent changes in the pigeon bursa of Fabricius vasculature: a comparative study using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of vessel casts

Reactivity of Spleen Germinal Centres in Immunized and ACTH-treated Chickens

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