Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine

Abstract

Bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (EMNs) are attracting the attention of scientists more and more every year. These formations are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, among which, of course, the leading role is occupied by infectious diseases, the causative agents of which are a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A separate field for the study of the role of EMN is cancer. Extracellular membrane nanovesicles nowadays have a practical application as vaccine carriers for immunization against many infectious diseases. At present, the most essential point is their role in stimulating immune response to bacterial infections and tumor cells. The possibility of nanovesicles’ practical use in several disease treatments is being evaluated. In our review, we listed diseases, focusing on their multitude and diversity, for which EMNs are essential, and also considered in detail the possibilities of using EMNs in the therapy and prevention of various pathologies.

Biomimetic Nano-Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Platform for Promoting Tumor Treatment

“…215 Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which are promising natural nanocarriers, 216 have shown great potential in various treatments, including drug delivery, 217 tumor immunotherapy, 218 and the treatment of infectious diseases. 219 Particularly, preparing BEV-based nanovaccines has become a research hotspot in recent years. 220,221 For example, Li et al 222 proposed an in situ vaccine based on OMVs from E. coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) to promote immune-mediated tumor clearance after photothermal therapy by orchestrating antigen capture and immune regulation.…”