Introduction: neuroeducation, currently, stands out as an essential field to understand brain development and improve the teaching-learning process of mathematics in preschoolers. Objective: determine the importance of neuroeducation in the teaching-learning of mathematics in preschoolers. Method: a descriptive study based on a narrative bibliographic review focused on scientific articles in English and Spanish published between 2020-2024 in sources such as PubMed, Springer, Web of Science and Cochrane. Results: It is demonstrated that neuroeducation allows a significant development in mathematical competencies in post-intervention experimental schools, in addition to this, the positive contributions in social, emotional and moral skills are demonstrated. Conclusions: The development of mathematical competencies in preschoolers is driven by the determined implementation of pedagogical strategies based on neurosciences, led by professionally trained educators, which challenges and overcomes the limitations of the current educational system.