“…Abnormal migration, growth, and proliferation of VSMCs are believed to be key events, which contribute to the structural remodeling of blood vessels and have been attributed to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases (Daniel & Sedding, ; Gonzalez‐Navarro et al, ; Ho et al, ; Kockx & Knaapen, ; Li, Hashim, & Anandsrivastava, ). A potential role of vasoactive peptides and growth factors in inducing proliferation, hypertrophy, migration, and differentiation of VSMCs has been demonstrated (Bayes‐Genis, Conover, & Schwartz, ; Bouallegue, Bou daou, & Srivastava, ; Cho et al, ; Vardatsikos, ). Earlier, we have shown that the transactivation of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) receptor is critical to induce the mitogenic and hypertrophic responses of two key vasoactive peptides, angiotensin II (Ang‐II) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1; Bouallegue, Vardatsikos, & Srivastava, ).…”