Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins in Invertebrate Anhydrobiosis

Transgenic expression of late embryogenesis abundant proteins improves tolerance to water stress in Drosophila melanogaster

“…Preceding anhydrobiosis or during early stages of entry, desiccation-tolerant organisms generally decrease metabolism through the suppression of oxidative pathways and energy usage (Erkut and Kurzchalia, 2015;Glasheen and Hand, 1988;Hand et al, 2016;Patil et al, 2013), and upon rehydration, the organism's metabolism returns to normal levels (Clegg, 1976;Glasheen and Hand, 1988). Organic molecules such as the sugar trehalose (Clegg, 1962;Crowe et al, 1997;Dutrieu, 1960;Tapia and Koshland, 2014;Tapia et al, 2015;Watanabe et al, 2003), heat shock proteins (King and MacRae, 2012;Nesmelov et al, 2018b), antioxidants (Nesmelov et al, 2018a), DNA repair enzymes (Gusev et al, 2010) and LEA proteins (Hand et al, 2011;Tunnacliffe and Wise, 2007) are present in desiccation-tolerant life stages of anhydrobiotic organisms, and these factors contribute to reduction of damage during drying and to repair during rehydration (Crowe et al, 1998;Gusev et al, 2014;Hand et al, 2011;Welnicz et al, 2011). LEA proteins were initially described in the late stages of embryogenesis in cotton seeds (Dure et al, 1981) and subsequently identified in anhydrobiotic animals.…”