Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis

Kim, Kyu-Shik; Moon, Hyoun-Jung; Kim, Sang-Su; Ryu, Jae‐Sook

doi:10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.557

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We studied the changes in the immune genome profile in primary ESCA and uncovered its possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The KEEG analysis revealed that these IRGs were enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, which reflects previous findings that these pathways play a crucial role in the proliferation, immune responses, and progression in several cancers (24)(25)(26). The dysregulation of cytokine interactions is also involved in the pathogenesis of ESCA (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The prognostic value of an immune-related gene signature and infiltrating tumor immune cells based on bioinformatics analysis in primary esophageal cancer

Du¹,

Pang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

J Gastrointest Oncol

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Background: Immunotherapy is a promising novel treatment for esophageal cancer (ESCA). However, previous studies provide limited direct information about the prognostic significance of immune-related genes (IRGs) in primary ESCA development. This study explored the prognostic value of IRGs and infiltrating tumor immune cells in primary ESCA. Methods: The ribonucleic acid (RNA)-sequencing data and clinical information of primary ESCA were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Which included the clinical factors and prognosis outcomes of the ESCA patients. The IRGs were downloaded from the ImmPORT database. Results: We established the robust IRG prognostic signature of 4 IRGs (i.e., heat shock protein family A member 6, Oncostatin M, androgen receptor, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2) in primary ESCA, and divided the ESCA patients into high-and low-risk groups based on overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed the high predictive ability of the prognostic signature in the training, testing, and full data sets (P=2.407e-03, P=1.044e-02, and P=2.535e-04, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed with age, grade, tumor stage, tumor type and the risk score as covariables. The risk score supports the use of a prognostic signature as an independent prognostic factor [training data set: hazard ratio (HR) =1.185, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.013-1.388, P=0.034; testing data set: HR =2.056, 95% CI: 1.015-4.166, P=0.045; full data set: HR =1.197, 95% CI: 1.059-1.354, P=0.004]. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve validated the high predictive accuracy of the IRG signature in the training, testing, and full data set (AUCs =0.808, 0.657, and 0.751, respectively). The infiltration level of the activated mast cells was significantly higher in the high-risk group than the low-risk group; thus, infiltrating mast cells are associated with worse OS in ESCA patients. Conclusions: Our IRG prognostic signature provides a new direction to predict the survival of primaryESCA patients and has the potential ability to establish, promote, and improve personalized treatment procedures based on each patient's risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The prognostic value of an immune-related gene signature and infiltrating tumor immune cells based on bioinformatics analysis in primary esophageal cancer

Du¹,

Pang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

J Gastrointest Oncol

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“…production following infection (Han et al, 2020), leading to the polarization of M2 macrophages, and progression of neoplastic cells and greater neoplasm aggressiveness (Han et al, 2020;Chung et al, 2020). The study findings also indicate that PC cells show greater sensitivity to T. vaginalis compared with healthy prostatic epithelium (Kushwaha et al, 2020), leading to an exacerbation of PC through an inflammatory process caused by T. vaginalis that can lead to metaplasia (Kim et al, 2021a).…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Trichomonas vaginalis and prostate cancer: A systematic review

Lopes,

Oliveira,

Fonseca

et al. 2024

RSD

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Introduction: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequent neoplasm in men accounting for 29% of tumor cases, at a rate of 1.4 million new cases and 375,000 deaths globally each year. Although its high prevalence, little is known about its etiology. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the factors under discussion for a possible risk factor. Trichomoniasis is a prevalent STI caused by the pathogenic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis that has been associated with the incidence of PC. Objectives: This review aims to determine whether the T. vaginalis is a risk factor for the development and/or progression of the disease. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and Scielo databases. The following descriptors were used: “Prostate Cancer”; “Trichomonas vaginalis”; “Trichomonosis”; “Prostate”, all indexed in DeCS/MeSH. Results and Discussion: In total, 24 articles were included (8 in vitro studies; 1 in vivo study; 3 prospective studies; 9 case-control studies; 2 randomized clinical trials; and 1 systematic review and meta-analysis). Conclusion: Even though in vitro and in vivo studies analyzed credibly indicate the existence of this pathophysiology, these findings have not been reproduced in most populations studies conducted, throughout the years. More recent studies involving a bigger database indicates an association. This leads us to believe that new population studies should be conducted to obtain a consensus so that educational and preventive measures can be implemented.

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“…These results demonstrate that T. vaginalis induces an inflammatory response in PCa cells in vitro and in vivo in mouse models, which accelerates the proliferation of PCa cells. Similar to how T. vaginalis infection causes PCa cells to become inflamed, these chemokines (CXCL1, CXCR2) cause macrophages to migrate and become activated [ 158 ].…”

Section: Chemokines/cxcrs and Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management

Ullah,

Jiao,

Shen

2024

Cell Mol Biol Lett

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Reproductive cancers are malignancies that develop in the reproductive organs. One of the leading cancers affecting the male reproductive system on a global scale is prostate cancer (PCa). The negative consequences of PCa metastases endure and are severe, significantly affecting mortality and life quality for those who are affected. The association between inflammation and PCa has captured interest for a while. Inflammatory cells, cytokines, CXC chemokines, signaling pathways, and other elements make up the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines are especially crucial for PCa development and prognosis. Cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL1–CXCL6, and CXCL8–CXCL16 are thought to be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of PCa, which include inflammation, progression, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration in advanced PCa, and therapeutic resistance. The inflammatory cytokine and CXC chemokines systems are also promising candidates for PCa suppression and immunotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to provide insight on how the spectra of inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines evolve as PCa develops and spreads. We also discussed recent developments in our awareness of the diverse molecular signaling pathways of these circulating cytokines and CXC chemokines, as well as their associated receptors, which may one day serve as PCa-targeted therapies. Moreover, the current status and potential of theranostic PCa therapies based on cytokines, CXC chemokines, and CXC receptors (CXCRs) are examined.

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Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The prognostic value of an immune-related gene signature and infiltrating tumor immune cells based on bioinformatics analysis in primary esophageal cancer

The prognostic value of an immune-related gene signature and infiltrating tumor immune cells based on bioinformatics analysis in primary esophageal cancer

Trichomonas vaginalis and prostate cancer: A systematic review

The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management

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