Involvement of nitric oxide in acute spinal cord injury: an immunocytochemical study using light and electron microscopy in the rat

Sharma, H. S.; Westman, Jan; Olsson, Yngve; Alm, P.

doi:10.1016/0168-0102(95)01015-7

Cited by 125 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…49 Nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) is upregulated following injury and NOS antiserum has been shown to have a protective eect. 39 In the early phase following injury, changes in neurotransmitters such as substance P and acetyl choline have been identi®ed and the expression of trophic factors such as B-50 (GAP-43) studied. 50,51 The early gene c-jun is transiently expressed and c-fos continuously in the experimental model.…”

Section: ± 48mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The applied neuropathology of human spinal cord injury

Kakulas

1999

Spinal Cord

109

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Section: ± 48mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These generate an in¯ammatory response which is responsible for some of the continuing damage. 36,39,40 Polymorphs and monocytes migrate through the vessel walls into the damaged parenchyma. Here the monocytes are converted to macrophages which present antigens' to lymphocytes which then continue the assault.…”

Section: Restorative Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The applied neuropathology of human spinal cord injury

Kakulas

1999

Spinal Cord

109

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“…Use of antibodies therapy to neutralize the endogenous effects of their antigens in various disease conditions has been emphasized recently (Sharma et al, 1995d(Sharma et al, , 1996aFaden, 1990). The antibodies are considered much more effective in neutralizing the effects of the neurochemicals in vivo than pharmacological blockade of their receptors (Faden, 1990;Sharma et al, 1995a).…”

Section: Neurotrophins Influence Bcsnb Function To Enhance Neuroregenmentioning

confidence: 98%

Blood–Central Nervous System Barriers: The Gateway to Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration

Sharma¹

2009

Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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“…Thus, one possibility is that spinal injury might trigger NO production in EMNs and could regulate their regenerative responses to such injuries. In the mammalian spinal cord, peripheral nerve injury or spinal cord lesions either up-or down-regulate NOS, depending on the nature of the lesion and the age of the animal [Wu, 1993;Yu, 1994;Zdanski et al, 1994;Sharma et al, 1996;Gordh et al, 1998;Callsen-Cencic et al, 1999;Suzuki et al, 2001]. Depending on the concentration, cell types, and conditions, NO can have either neuroprotective or neurotoxic/ neurodegenerative effects [Krönke et al, 1997;Pantazis et al, 1998;Thippeswamy et al, 2001].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Citrulline Immunoreactivity Reveals Nitric Oxide Production in the Electromotor and Electrosensory Systems of the Weakly Electric Fish, <i>Apteronotus leptorhynchus</i>

Smith

Allen²,

Oestreich³

et al. 2004

Brain Behav Evol

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Weakly electric fish produce electric organ discharges (EODs) used for electrolocation and communication. In the brown ghost knifefish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, several neuron types in brain regions that control the EOD or process electrosensory information express nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The present study used immunoreactivity for L-citrulline, a byproduct of the production of nitric oxide (NO) by NOS, to assess NO production in NOS-expressing neurons. A polyclonal antibody against L-citrulline produced specific labeling in most neuronal populations previously identified to express NOS. Specifically, several cell types that precisely encode temporal information and/or fire at high frequencies, including spherical cells in the electrosensory lateral line lobe, giant cells in layer VI of the dorsal torus semicircularis, and pacemaker and relay cells in the pacemaker nucleus, were strongly immunoreactive for L-citrulline. This suggests that these neurons produced high levels of NO. Notably, electromotor neurons, which also strongly express NOS, were not immunoreactive for L-citrulline, suggesting that NOS did not produce high levels of NO in these neurons. No apparent differences in L-citrulline distribution or intensity were observed between socially isolated fish and fish exposed to playback stimuli simulating the presence of a conspecific. This suggests that social stimulation by electrocommunication signals is not necessary for high levels of NO production in many NOS-positive neurons. Future studies focusing on regulation of NO production in these systems, and the effects of NO on electrosensory processing and electromotor pattern generation will help elucidate the function of NO signaling pathways in this system.

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Involvement of nitric oxide in acute spinal cord injury: an immunocytochemical study using light and electron microscopy in the rat

Cited by 125 publications

References 61 publications

The applied neuropathology of human spinal cord injury

The applied neuropathology of human spinal cord injury

Blood–Central Nervous System Barriers: The Gateway to Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration

L-Citrulline Immunoreactivity Reveals Nitric Oxide Production in the Electromotor and Electrosensory Systems of the Weakly Electric Fish, <i>Apteronotus leptorhynchus</i>

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