Involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in emotional responses and hyperactive symptoms☆

Lavialle, Monique; Denis, Isabelle; Guesnet, Philippe; Vancassel, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.12.005

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Although the exact mechanism by which PUFAs/EFAs decrease insulin resistance is not known, some of the possibilities include: (a) increase in the number of insulin receptors due to increased membrane fluidity; (b) an increase in GLUT-4 mRNA and protein level in adipocytes [15]; (c) formation of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic molecules such as PGI 2 , PGE 1 , lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins [16-21]; (d) suppression of the expression of adhesion molecules [22-24]; (e) inhibition of the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage migration factor (MIF), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [25-27]; (f) enhancement in the formation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain and gut that has anti-diabetic actions [28-30]; and that (BDNF), in turn, augments PGI 2 synthesis [31], a potent platelet anti-aggregator, vasodilator and anti-atherosclerotic molecule; (f) enhancement in the synthesis and action of BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) that enhance the growth and development of the brain [32,33]; (g) modulation of the growth and actions of gut bacteria [34-37]; (h) binding to various nuclear receptors and correction of dyslipidemia [38-42]; and (i) regulation of both the secretion and actions of various hypothalamic neurotransmitters and peptides that regulate appetite, satiety, food intake and insulin secretion [43-49]. Furthermore, insulin enhances the activity of Δ 6 and Δ 5 desaturases [50] and thus, potentially augments the formation of PUFAs that, in turn, enhance the action of insulin.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Anti-atherosclerotic Actions Of Pufasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A defect in Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases may be a factor in the initiation and progression of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in South Asians

Das

2010

Lipids Health Dis

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The high incidence of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in South Asians remains unexplained. I propose that a defect in the activity of Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases and consequent low plasma and tissue concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and formation of their anti-inflammatory products prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostacyclin (PGI2), PGI3, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids could be responsible for the high incidence of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in South Asians. This proposal is supported by the observation that South Asian Indians have lower plasma and tissue concentrations of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA, the precursors of PGE1, PGI2, PGI3, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and nitrolipids, the endogenous molecules that prevent platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, leukocyte activation and possess anti-inflammatory action and thus, are capable of preventing the development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and premature ischemic heart disease. Genetic predisposition, high carbohydrate intake, lack of exercise, tobacco use and low birth weight due to maternal malnutrition suppress the activity of Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases that leads to low plasma and tissue concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their products. This implies that adequate provision of polyunsaturated fatty acids and co-factors needed for their metabolism, and efforts to enhance the formation of their beneficial metabolites PGE1, PGI2, PGI3, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids could form a novel approach in the prevention and management of these diseases in this high-risk population.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Anti-atherosclerotic Actions Of Pufasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A defect in Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases may be a factor in the initiation and progression of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in South Asians

Das

2010

Lipids Health Dis

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“…An alternative therapy for the generic treatment of depression (12), anxiety (13), and hyperactive symptoms (14) are long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n -3-LC-PUFA) and in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n -3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n -3) (14). Many studies, however, regarding the effectiveness of n -3-LC-PUFA in the treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders have found inconsistent results, and the number of studies is limited, indicating a need for additional research (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Oil Diet Associated with Acute Reperfusion Related Hemorrhage, and with Reduced Stroke-Related Sickness Behaviors and Motor Impairment

et al. 2014

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Ischemic stroke is associated with motor impairment and increased incidence of affective disorders such as anxiety/clinical depression. In non-stroke populations, successful management of such disorders and symptoms has been reported following diet supplementation with long chain omega-3-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (PUFAs). However, the potential protective effects of PUFA supplementation on affective behaviors after experimentally induced stroke and sham surgery have not been examined previously. This study investigated the behavioral effects of PUFA supplementation over a 6-week period following either middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery in the hooded-Wistar rat. The PUFA diet supplied during the acclimation period prior to surgery was found to be associated with an increased risk of acute hemorrhage following the reperfusion component of the surgery. In surviving animals, PUFA supplementation did not influence infarct size as determined 6 weeks after surgery, but did decrease omega-6-fatty-acid levels, moderate sickness behaviors, acute motor impairment, and longer-term locomotor hyperactivity and depression/anxiety-like behavior.

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“…Tsukada et al [14] demonstrated that supplementing aged monkeys with DHA for 1 to 4 weeks (a very short term dietary supplementation) led to increased regional cerebral blood flow, a parameter closely linked to neuronal activation. Since ω3 PUFA supplementation may be effective in the treatment of depressive disorder (reviewed in [15] ) it was recently proposed that they may also possess anxiolytic properties [16] . In humans, few data are available from intervention studies about the association between anxiety and ω3 fatty acids supplementation and data are divergent about the ability of dietary ω3 fatty acids to prevent age-associated cognitive decline (see [17] for review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil Lower Anxiety, Improve Cognitive Functions and Reduce Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in a Non-Human Primate

et al. 2011

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Omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are major components of brain cells membranes. ω3 PUFA-deficient rodents exhibit severe cognitive impairments (learning, memory) that have been linked to alteration of brain glucose utilization or to changes in neurotransmission processes. ω3 PUFA supplementation has been shown to lower anxiety and to improve several cognitive parameters in rodents, while very few data are available in primates. In humans, little is known about the association between anxiety and ω3 fatty acids supplementation and data are divergent about their impact on cognitive functions. Therefore, the development of nutritional studies in non-human primates is needed to disclose whether a long-term supplementation with long-chain ω3 PUFA has an impact on behavioural and cognitive parameters, differently or not from rodents. We address the hypothesis that ω3 PUFA supplementation could lower anxiety and improve cognitive performances of the Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus), a nocturnal Malagasy prosimian primate. Adult male mouse lemurs were fed for 5 months on a control diet or on a diet supplemented with long-chain ω3 PUFA (n = 6 per group). Behavioural, cognitive and motor performances were measured using an open field test to evaluate anxiety, a circular platform test to evaluate reference spatial memory, a spontaneous locomotor activity monitoring and a sensory-motor test. ω3-supplemented animals exhibited lower anxiety level compared to control animals, what was accompanied by better performances in a reference spatial memory task (80% of successful trials vs 35% in controls, p<0.05), while the spontaneous locomotor activity was reduced by 31% in ω3-supplemented animals (p<0.001), a parameter that can be linked with lowered anxiety. The long-term dietary ω3 PUFA supplementation positively impacts on anxiety and cognitive performances in the adult mouse lemur. The supplementation of human food with ω3 fatty acids may represent a valuable dietary strategy to improve behavioural and cognitive functions.

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Involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in emotional responses and hyperactive symptoms☆

Cited by 18 publications

References 88 publications

A defect in Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases may be a factor in the initiation and progression of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in South Asians

A defect in Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases may be a factor in the initiation and progression of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in South Asians

Fish Oil Diet Associated with Acute Reperfusion Related Hemorrhage, and with Reduced Stroke-Related Sickness Behaviors and Motor Impairment

Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil Lower Anxiety, Improve Cognitive Functions and Reduce Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in a Non-Human Primate

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