Involvement of Oxidative Stress and the Innate Immune System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Kozlov, Evgenii M.; Ivanova, Ekaterina A.; Grechko, Andrey V.; Wu, Wei-Kai; Стародубова, А В; Orekhov, Alexander N.

doi:10.3390/diseases9010017

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…According to a few studies, it is often suggested that the onset of severe lung injury in COVID-19 patients is based on the activation of the oxidative stress mechanism coupled with an innate immune response that activates the transcription factor NF-kB resulting in an exacerbated pro-inflammatory host response associated with the pathophysiology of the virus. [116][117][118][119][120] In like manner, another study suggests an upregulation of mitochondrial genes and genes responding to oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patients. Stress response protein DNAJB1, differentiation-associated gene IFRD1, cytokine IL-1B, and other genes were overexpressed in the PBMC of these patients.…”

Section: Role Of Vitamin E In Covid-19 Antiviral Effects Of Vitamin E On Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 96%

Fat-Soluble Vitamins and the Current Global Pandemic of COVID-19: Evidence-Based Efficacy from Literature Review

Samad¹,

Dutta²,

Sodunke³

et al. 2021

JIR

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The outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was initiated at Wuhan, Hubei, China, and there was a rapid spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19 in late 2019. The entire world is now experiencing the challenge of COVID-19 infection. However, still very few evidence-based treatment options are available for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. The present review aims to summarize the publicly available information to give a comprehensive yet balanced scientific overview of all the fat-soluble vitamins concerning their role in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The roles of different fat-soluble vitamins and micronutrients in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection have been recently explored in several studies. There are various hypotheses to suggest their use to minimize the severity of COVID-19 infection. These vitamins are pivotal in the maintenance and modulation of innate and cell-mediated, and antibody-mediated immune responses. The data reported in recent literature demonstrate that deficiency in one or more of these vitamins compromises the patients' immune response and makes them more vulnerable to viral infections and perhaps worse disease prognosis. Vitamins A, D, E, and K boost the body's defense mechanism against COVID-19 infection and specifically prevent its complications such as cytokine storm and other inflammatory processes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality overemphasis. However, more detailed randomized double-blind clinical pieces of evidence are required to define the use of these supplements in preventing or reducing the severity of the COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Role Of Vitamin E In Covid-19 Antiviral Effects Of Vitamin E On Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 96%

Fat-Soluble Vitamins and the Current Global Pandemic of COVID-19: Evidence-Based Efficacy from Literature Review

Samad¹,

Dutta²,

Sodunke³

et al. 2021

JIR

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“…The combined effects of neuroinflammation and excess ROS production promote the aberrant accumulation of Aβ, thus contributing to AD [95]. Oxidative stress has a prominent role in innate immunity activity, and recent data have also reported its involvement in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, by perpetuating the cytokine storm cycle and exacerbating cell hypoxia [96,97]. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, ROS are overproduced as initiators of the toxic innate immune response against viruses [88].…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Exacerbate Alzheimer’s Disease? An Overview of Shared Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Clara

Rivellini

Lavitrano

et al. 2022

JPM

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The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, is affecting every aspect of global society, including public healthcare systems, medical care access, and the economy. Although the respiratory tract is primarily affected by SARS-CoV-2, emerging evidence suggests that the virus may also reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to several neurological issues. In particular, people with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are a vulnerable group at high risk of contracting COVID-19, and develop more severe forms and worse outcomes, including death. Therefore, understanding shared links between COVID-19 and AD could aid the development of therapeutic strategies against both. Herein, we reviewed common risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms that might contribute to the acceleration of neurodegenerative processes in AD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

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“…However, it appears that the potential increase in exposure to oxidative species is likely to be a major driver of the increased per unit mass toxicity in the after period. There are prior studies showing the effects of oxidative stress on the reduction in resistance to infection and the resulting increase in disease (e.g., [50,51]).…”

Section: Changes In Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

Hopke

Hidy²

2022

Atmosphere

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In the period of 2005 to 2016, multiple air pollution control regulations have entered into effect in the United States at both the Federal and state level. In addition, economic changes have also occurred primarily in the electricity generation sector that substantially changed the emissions from this sector. This combination of policy implementations and economics has led to substantial reductions in PM2.5, its major constituents, and source specific PM2.5 concentrations across the New York State, particularly those of sulfate, nitrate, and primary organic carbon. However, secondary organic carbon and spark-ignition vehicular emission contributions have increased. Related studies of changes in health outcomes, the excess rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and respiratory infections have increased per unit mass of PM2.5. It appears that the increased toxicity per unit mass was due to the reduction in low toxicity constituents such that the remaining mass had greater impacts on public health.

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Involvement of Oxidative Stress and the Innate Immune System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 41 publications

References 116 publications

Fat-Soluble Vitamins and the Current Global Pandemic of COVID-19: Evidence-Based Efficacy from Literature Review

Fat-Soluble Vitamins and the Current Global Pandemic of COVID-19: Evidence-Based Efficacy from Literature Review

Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Exacerbate Alzheimer’s Disease? An Overview of Shared Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

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