Involvement of Peritoneal Macrophage in the Induction of Cytotoxicity Due to Apoptosis in Ascitic Fluid Associated with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Ablation of Proliferating Microglia Does Not Affect Motor Neuron Degeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Caused by Mutant Superoxide Dismutase

“…Cells were gated using Annexin-5 (BD Biosciences) and 7-AAD (BD Biosciences) to eliminate apoptotic/necrotic cells and select for viable cells. To validate the flow cytometric identification of the macrophage population in the mononuclear fraction as CD11b ϩ , F4/80 ϩ cells, we performed a peritoneal lavage of the SOD1 G93A mice and obtained peritoneal lavage fluid known to be enriched in macrophages (Takeyama et al, 1999), which was then used as a positive control. For proliferation analysis with FACS, SOD1…”

“…The flow cytometric identification of this population in the SOD1 G93A spinal cord ( Fig. 1 B3) was validated using peritoneal lavage fluid, known to be enriched in macrophages (Takeyama et al, 1999), from SOD1 G93A mice (supplemental Fig. 2, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material).…”

Role of Peritoneal Macrophages on Local and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Acute Pancreatitis

“…Many investigators demonstrated that pancreatitis associated ascitic fluid has noxious effects on mitochondria 29 , kidney and lungs besides an apoptosis-inducing-factor. 30 The key point in these studies is to understand the importance of peritoneal macrophages on the systemic inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis. 31,32 Peritoneal macrophages represent a small fraction of the total macrophage population however they are strategically located lining the serosal peritoneal membrane.…”

“…Activated peritoneal macrophages have many activities such as lymphocyte activation, tissue damage and microbiocidal activity through the production of several cytokines as TNF-, IL-1, IL-8 TGF-1, superoxide and nitric oxide. 30 Overproduction of these substances however, may be dangerous inducing systemic inflammatory response. Reducing the production or removal of these substances may have beneficial effects on the inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis.…”

Immune modulation in acute and chronic pancreatitis

“…proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that easily reach the bloodstream, thus contributing to the inflammatory responses in severe pancreatitis (18,26). Association of these macrophages with the complications of severe pancreatitis was clearly demonstrated in several studies (90). Peritoneal lavage in rats suffering from acute pancreatitis, led to significant reduction of the cytotoxic effect of ascitic fluid.…”