Involvement of Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein (PTB)-Related Proteins in Pollen Germination in Arabidopsis

Wang, Shushuan; Okamoto, T.

doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp059

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Most plant genes contain introns that must be removed for protein expression; therefore, RNA splicing should be an essential function for cell viability. Consistent with this reasoning, lossof-function alleles of core splicing factors are gametophyte or seed lethal (Liu et al, 2009;Wang and Okamoto, 2009;Kim et al, 2010).…”

Section: Weak Alleles Of Rgh3 Reveal Developmental Roles For Maize Urpmentioning

confidence: 75%

MaizeRough Endosperm3Encodes an RNA Splicing Factor Required for Endosperm Cell Differentiation and Has a Nonautonomous Effect on Embryo Development

et al. 2011

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Endosperm and embryo development are coordinated via epigenetic regulation and signaling between these tissues. In maize (Zea mays), the endosperm-embryo signals are not known, but endosperm cellularization is a key event for embryos to form shoots and roots. We screened seed mutants for nonautonomous functions in endosperm and embryo development with genetically nonconcordant seeds and identified the recessive mutant rough endosperm3 (rgh3). The wild-type Rgh3 allele is required in the endosperm for embryos to develop and has an autonomous role in embryo and seedling development. Endosperm cell differentiation is defective in rgh3. Results from endosperm cell culture indicate that rgh3 mutants remain in a proliferative state through mid-seed development. Rgh3 encodes the maize U2AF 35 Related Protein (URP), an RNA splicing factor involved in both U2 and U12 splicing. The Rgh3 allele produces at least 19 alternative splice variants with only one isoform encoding a full-length ortholog to URP. The full-length RGH3a isoform localizes to the nucleolus and displays a speckled pattern within the nucleoplasm, and RGH3a colocalizes with U2AF 65 . A survey of alternatively spliced transcripts found that, in the rgh3 mutant, a fraction of noncanonical splicing events are altered. Our findings suggest that differentiation of maize endosperm cell types is necessary for embryos to develop. The molecular cloning of Rgh3 suggests that alternative RNA splicing is needed for cell differentiation, development, and plant viability.

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Section: Weak Alleles Of Rgh3 Reveal Developmental Roles For Maize Urpmentioning

confidence: 75%

MaizeRough Endosperm3Encodes an RNA Splicing Factor Required for Endosperm Cell Differentiation and Has a Nonautonomous Effect on Embryo Development

et al. 2011

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“…During pollen development, for example, mRNAs that were synthesized prior to the dormancy of the pollen grain may be stored in an inactive, untranslated, form, only to be activated in response to pollen germination (Hulzink et al, 2002;Honys et al, 2009;Wang and Okamoto, 2009). Moreover, several translation factors and ribosomal proteins have pollen-specific isoforms, which may potentially contribute to translational regulation in the pollen.…”

Section: Translational Control In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Regulation of Cytoplasmic mRNAs

Roy

Arnim

2013

The Arabidopsis Book

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Translation of the coding potential of a messenger RNA into a protein molecule is a fundamental process in all living cells and consumes a large fraction of metabolites and energy resources in growing cells. Moreover, translation has emerged as an important control point in the regulation of gene expression. At the level of gene regulation, translational control is utilized to support the specific life histories of plants, in particular their responses to the abiotic environment and to metabolites. This review summarizes the diversity of translational control mechanisms in the plant cytoplasm, focusing on specific cases where mechanisms of translational control have evolved to complement or eclipse other levels of gene regulation. We begin by introducing essential features of the translation apparatus. We summarize early evidence for translational control from the pre-Arabidopsis era. Next, we review evidence for translation control in response to stress, to metabolites, and in development. The following section emphasizes RNA sequence elements and biochemical processes that regulate translation. We close with a chapter on the role of signaling pathways that impinge on translation.

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“…Downregulation of PTB expression was achieved by the transformation of wild-type plants with artificial microRNA (amiRNA) constructs, targeting either the three PTBs individually (ami1, ami2, and ami3) or the two closely related homologs PTB1 and PTB2 simultaneously (ami1&2; see Supplemental Table 1 online). The amiRNA knockdown approach was chosen as previous work had indicated that single T-DNA mutants in At-PTB1 and At-PTB2 have no visible phenotype, while the respective double mutant seemed to be inviable (Wang and Okamoto, 2009).…”

Section: Generation Of At-ptb Misexpression Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arabidopsis, three genes encoding proteins with homology to mammalian PTBs have been identified. Two of these Arabidopsis PTB homologs have been suggested to be involved in pollen germination (Wang and Okamoto, 2009), but the underlying molecular basis has not been addressed. While the proteins encoded by At3g01150 (PTB1) and At5g53180 (PTB2) are closely related, the protein encoded by At1g43190 (PTB3) exhibits a quite low level of sequence similarity to the other two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Homologs from Arabidopsis Are Key Regulators of Alternative Splicing with Implications in Fundamental Developmental Processes

et al. 2012

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Alternative splicing (AS) generates transcript variants by variable exon/intron definition and massively expands transcriptome diversity. Changes in AS patterns have been found to be linked to manifold biological processes, yet fundamental aspects, such as the regulation of AS and its functional implications, largely remain to be addressed. In this work, widespread AS regulation by Arabidopsis thaliana Polypyrimidine tract binding protein homologs (PTBs) was revealed. In total, 452 AS events derived from 307 distinct genes were found to be responsive to the levels of the splicing factors PTB1 and PTB2, which predominantly triggered splicing of regulated introns, inclusion of cassette exons, and usage of upstream 59 splice sites. By contrast, no major AS regulatory function of the distantly related PTB3 was found. Dependent on their position within the mRNA, PTB-regulated events can both modify the untranslated regions and give rise to alternative protein products. We find that PTB-mediated AS events are connected to diverse biological processes, and the functional implications of selected instances were further elucidated. Specifically, PTB misexpression changes AS of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR6, coinciding with altered rates of abscisic acid-dependent seed germination. Furthermore, AS patterns as well as the expression of key flowering regulators were massively changed in a PTB1/2 level-dependent manner.

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Involvement of Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein (PTB)-Related Proteins in Pollen Germination in Arabidopsis

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

MaizeRough Endosperm3Encodes an RNA Splicing Factor Required for Endosperm Cell Differentiation and Has a Nonautonomous Effect on Embryo Development

MaizeRough Endosperm3Encodes an RNA Splicing Factor Required for Endosperm Cell Differentiation and Has a Nonautonomous Effect on Embryo Development

Translational Regulation of Cytoplasmic mRNAs

Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein Homologs from Arabidopsis Are Key Regulators of Alternative Splicing with Implications in Fundamental Developmental Processes

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