Involvement of regulatory T cells and selected cytokines in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

Abstract

Asthma pathogenesis is complex and involves the interplay of many factors and actions. Airway inflammation in allergic asthma is characterized by an exaggerated activation of T helper type 2 cells, IgE production and infiltration and activation of eosinophils. The results of studies conducted in recent years indicate that the deficit of naturally occurring Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ and Foxp3+CD25+CD8+ regulatory T cells and type 1 regulatory T cells plays a pivotal role in the development of this disease. Moreover, numerous studies have provided convincing evidence that a decrease in IL-10 production and an increase in IL-17 production have an important place in the pathophysiology of asthma. TGF-β is another important cytokine involved in this disease. TGF-β has a paradoxical status in relation to asthma pathogenesis because it seems to play a role in both suppressing and promoting asthma development. This review discusses briefly clinical and experimental data concerning the involvement of T regulatory cells and IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Relationship between the expression of CD25 and CD69 on the surface of lymphocytes T and B from peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and established prognostic factors of this disease

“…Probably, it also serves as a growth factor receptor and regulates the proliferation of lymphocyte B. 35,36 Aside from CLL, a high expression of this molecule was also detected on the surface of B cells in promyelocytic and hair-cell leukemia. 37,38 The expression of CD25 on the surface of lymphocytes and an elevated serum concentration of soluble CD25 are associated with a negative prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.…”

Divergent hypersensitivity responses following topical application of the quaternary ammonium compound, didecyldimethylammonium bromide

“…While significant increases in Il-4 were observed at both time points, the fold-increase was greater for the longer exposure duration supporting a more pronounced T H 2 response. Increases in Il-10 , another T H 2 cytokine that has been shown to have a role in allergic disease (Zuska-Prot et al 2016), were also observed following the extended DDAB application at high concentration. In addition, secretion of IL-10 mediates the function of T reg cells (Sojka et al 2008; Corthay 2009; Kimber et al 2012) which have demonstrated a critical role in the development of immune tolerance by serving as effectors helping to prevent overzealous allergic responses (Sojka et al 2008; Yadav et al 2012).…”

Respiratory Viruses and Proinflammatory Cytokines Imbalance in Adults and Children with Bronchial Asthma

“…Asthma pathogenesis with involvement of many cytokines remains unsolved public health concern [1][2][3]13]. Despite the evident correlation between BA symptoms and ARVI especially with the hRV or the RSV both in the adult patients and in the children (Table 1) a certain conclusion about a role of the respiratory viruses in BA development, exaсerbations or as a consequence of binding of the hRV with the ICAM-1 receptor with enhanced level of the corresponding gene expression is hardly possible.…”

“…Asthma is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, smooth muscle contraction, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle, hypersecretion of bronchial mucus, activation of mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, macrophages, disruption of the bronchial epithelium, and production of free radicals such as expired nitric oxide (eNO) and 8-isoprostane [1][2][3]. Currently, the disease is widely spread among 4-10% of the world population; in Russia in approximately 7 million [3].…”

“…Both innate response including IFNα/β, TNFα, IL1α/β, IL6, IL8, IL11 and adaptive immunity, apoptosis of infected cells, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and granulocytes are involved in inflammation [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Th2-polarized immunity [2,14] and low T-cell immunity, natural killer activity, IFN types I and II production, phagocytic activity of neutrophils are typically in patients with BA [11][12][13].…”