Involvement of RNA2-Encoded Proteins in the Specific Transmission of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus by Its Nematode Vector Xiphinema index

Belin, Christophe; Schmitt, Corinne; Demangeat, Gérard; Komar, Véronique; Pinck, L.; Fuchs, Marc

doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1216

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…ArMV-S was the only virus transmitted by X. diversicaudatum (Table 2). Transmission rates varied between 67 and 100%, which is in complete agreement with previous reports on GFLV and ArMV transmission rates (4,5). Such differences were statistically not sufficient to indicate possible variations in transmission efficiency between transmitted isolates.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…As hypothesized for GFLV (5) and ArMV (5,23) and as demonstrated for CaMV (37), TVMV (7), and CNV (18), a deficiency in transmission results from the failure of the virus to bind or to be retained by specific vector factors. Whether AG2 fails to be retained in the vector mouthparts (8,43) needs to be determined.…”

Section: Vol 84 2010mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…CP is maintained for cell-to-cell movement (5,6). Mutations affecting regions R1 (nucleotides [nt] 2284 to 2302), R2 (nt 2609 to 2640), R4 (nt 2819 to 2842), and R5 (nt 2937 to 2965) of the GFLV 2C CP gene were produced by primer overlap extension mutagenesis (14), using the primers described in Table S1 in the supplemental material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transmissibility of recombinant viruses that induced systemic plant infection, i.e., G1, AG1, and AG2, by X. index and X. diversicaudatum was evaluated (4,5). Recombinant AG2 was not transmitted by any of the two Xiphinema species, whereas…”

Section: Vol 84 2010 Coat Protein Determinants Of Gflv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Stretch of 11 Amino Acids in the βB-βC Loop of the Coat Protein of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Is Essential for Transmission by the Nematode Xiphinema index

Schellenberger

Andret-Link

Schmitt-Keichinger

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) from the genus Nepovirus, family Secoviridae, cause a severe degeneration of grapevines. GFLV and ArMV have a bipartite RNA genome and are transmitted specifically by the ectoparasitic nematodes Xiphinema index and Xiphinema diversicaudatum, respectively. The transmission specificity of both viruses maps to their respective RNA2-encoded coat protein (CP). To further delineate the GFLV CP determinants of transmission specificity, three-dimensional (3D) homology structure models of virions and CP subunits were constructed based on the crystal structure of Tobacco ringspot virus, the type member of the genus Nepovirus. The 3D models were examined to predict amino acids that are exposed at the external virion surface, highly conserved among GFLV isolates but divergent between GFLV and ArMV. Five short amino acid stretches that matched these topographical and sequence conservation criteria were selected and substituted in single and multiple combinations by their ArMV counterparts in a GFLV RNA2 cDNA clone. Among the 21 chimeric RNA2 molecules engineered, transcripts of only three of them induced systemic plant infection in the presence of GFLV RNA1. Nematode transmission assays of the three viable recombinant viruses showed that swapping a stretch of (i) 11 residues in the ␤B-␤C loop near the icosahedral 3-fold axis abolished transmission by X. index but was insufficient to restore transmission by X. diversicaudatum and (ii) 7 residues in the ␤E-␣B loop did not interfere with transmission by the two Xiphinema species. This study provides new insights into GFLV CP determinants of nematode transmission.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Vol 84 2010mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 84 2010 Coat Protein Determinants Of Gflv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Stretch of 11 Amino Acids in the βB-βC Loop of the Coat Protein of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Is Essential for Transmission by the Nematode Xiphinema index

Schellenberger

Andret-Link

Schmitt-Keichinger

et al. 2010

J Virol

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“…CP results in infectious chimeric RNA2 if the biological compatibility between proteins 2B MP and 2C CP is maintained [2][3][4]. Important selection pressure notably due to structural constraints imposed on protein 2C…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple interspecies recombination events within RNA2 of Grapevine fanleaf virus and Arabis mosaic virus

Vigne¹,

Marmonier²,

Fuchs

2008

Arch Virol

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Sequence alignments and SISCAN analyses inferred multiple interspecies recombination events within RNA2 of strains GHu of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Ta of Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), two closely related subgroup A nepoviruses in the family Comoviridae. Interspecies recombination events were identified in the 5 0 untranslated region, the putative homing protein and movement protein genes but not in the coat protein gene and 3 0 untranslated region. These findings suggest a dynamic relationship between GFLV and ArMV, and a differential selection pressure on RNA2-encoded proteins with constraints in terms of function and co-adaptation that limit interspecies recombination to certain gene segments. RNA recombination is a natural mechanism involved in genetic variation and evolution of plant virus populations [7,15,30]. It commonly occurs when the replicase complex switches template after encountering secondary RNA structures like hairpins and/or stretches of substantial similarity between donor and acceptor RNA strands during virus replication [18,22,23,27,31]. Intraspecies recombination has been documented for various GFLV strains with crossover sites distributed all along the open reading frame of RNA2 [19,25,26]. No information is available on interspecies recombination between GFLV and other viruses, in particular ArMV [16], albeit protein 2A HP of ArMV strain NW has higher amino acid similarity with GFLV than with other ArMV strains [28]. In this study, we determined the sequence of RNA2 of GFLV strain GHu (GFLV-GHu) and ArMV strain Ta (ArMV-Ta), and identified interspecies recombination events in the 5 0 UTR, genes 2A Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) andHP and 2B MP but not in gene 2C CP and the 3 0 UTR. Our findings suggest a dynamic relationship between GFLV and ArMV, and a distinct evolutionary diversification of their RNA2-encoded proteins. GFLV-GHu [9] and ArMV-Ta [13] were isolated from Vitis vinifera cvs. Gloriae Hungariae and Tannat, respectively. Their RNA2 was characterized from infected grapevine leaves by reverse transcription-polymerase chain

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Plant Viruses: Soil‐borne

Roberts

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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A number of plant viruses in different genera are harboured in and transmitted through the soil. They are found throughout the world and several of them cause significant economic losses to major crops. Vectors for spread of these viruses are fungal‐like organisms or plant‐parasitic nematodes, but some viruses can also be exuded from infected roots and transmitted abiotically, without the aid of a vector. The long‐term persistence of these viruses in soil, often for decades, and a lack of efficient control strategies mean that diseases caused by these viruses are very difficult to control. Eradication of inoculum from infected soil is almost impossible, particularly in those parts of the world where highly toxic soil fumigant chemicals have been banned in recent years. Soil‐borne viruses are difficult to study and their biology is relatively poorly understood at present. Key Concepts: A number of plant viruses are transmitted through the soil or by soil‐borne vectors to plant roots. Soil‐borne viruses infect several economically important crops including wheat, barley, potato, sugar beet, groundnut and fruit crops. Soil‐borne viruses belong to fifteen named and two currently unnamed genera that fall within the Secoviridae , Potyviridae , Ophioviridae , Tombusviridae or Virgaviridae families, or have not yet been assigned to a virus family. The main vectors for soil‐borne viruses are trichodorid or longidorid nematodes, chytrid fungi in the genus Olpidium and plasmodiophorids in the genera Polymyxa or Spongospora . Soil‐borne viruses are relatively poorly understood due to a combination of factors including the complexity of the plant–vector–virus interaction and the fact that soil impedes observations of their biology. Soil‐borne viruses are very persistent; they can exist for decades in the soil in long‐lived resting spores of their vectors making eradication of disease very difficult once soil is contaminated. There are few effective means available to control soil‐borne viruses; few resistant cultivars are available and chemical methods of control are generally expensive and highly toxic.

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Involvement of RNA2-Encoded Proteins in the Specific Transmission of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus by Its Nematode Vector Xiphinema index

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

A Stretch of 11 Amino Acids in the βB-βC Loop of the Coat Protein of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Is Essential for Transmission by the Nematode Xiphinema index

A Stretch of 11 Amino Acids in the βB-βC Loop of the Coat Protein of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Is Essential for Transmission by the Nematode Xiphinema index

Multiple interspecies recombination events within RNA2 of Grapevine fanleaf virus and Arabis mosaic virus

Plant Viruses: Soil‐borne

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