Involvement of Sortase Anchoring of Cell Wall Proteins in Biofilm Formation by
            <i>Streptococcus</i>
            <i>mutans</i>

Lévesque, Christian; Voronejskaia, Elena; Huang, Yichen; Mair, Richard W.; Ellen, Richard P.; Cvitkovitch, Dennis G.

doi:10.1128/iai.73.6.3773-3777.2005

Cited by 84 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In streptococcal species, disruption of srtA and SrtA-dependent proteins also resulted in decreased biofilm production and bacterial colonization of abiotic surfaces (32,79). In contrast to previous reports for E. faecalis (28), we show that deletion of srtA severely hampered adherence to plastic substrata and subsequent biofilm growth, especially under hydrodynamic conditions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Contribution of Autolysin and Sortase A during Enterococcus faecalis DNA-Dependent Biofilm Development

et al. 2009

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Biofilm production is a major attribute of Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates. Although some factors, such as sortases, autolysin, and extracellular DNA (eDNA), have been associated with E. faecalis biofilm production, the mechanisms underlying the contributions of these factors to this process have not been completely elucidated yet. In this study we define important roles for the major E. faecalis autolysin (Atn), eDNA, and sortase A (SrtA) during the developmental stages of biofilm formation under static and hydrodynamic conditions. Deletion of srtA affects the attachment stage and results in a deficiency in biofilm production. Atn-deficient mutants are delayed in biofilm development due to defects in primary adherence and DNA release, which we show to be particularly important during the accumulative phase for maturation and architectural stability of biofilms. Confocal laser scanning and freeze-dry electron microscopy of biofilms grown under hydrodynamic conditions revealed that E. faecalis produces a DNase I-sensitive fibrous network, which is important for biofilm stability and is absent in atn-deficient mutant biofilms. This study establishes the stage-specific requirements for SrtA and Atn and demonstrates a role for Atn in the pathway leading to DNA release during biofilm development in E. faecalis.Biofilms are bacterial communities encased within an extracellular matrix composed of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids (10). They are an ideal environment for exchange of genetic materials, such as genes encoding virulence factors and antibiotic resistance determinants, among bacteria within a community (61, 76), while allowing the flow of water and nutrients, as well as ions and various small molecules, to bacteria within the community (8) and providing a protective shield against antibiotics, antimicrobial substances, and phagocytosis (33, 80). Development of a biofilm is a complex multistage process. It is initiated by primary adhesion of the bacteria to a substratum, which is followed by the formation of microcolonies and production of an exopolysaccharide matrix, and it finally culminates with the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) multicellular mature structure (48). Bacterial biofilms are important medically because they have been associated with the pathogenesis of chronic and device-related persistent infections, such as cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, and endocarditis (11).Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals. However, it is also an important opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for a wide variety of nosocomial infections, including endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia (14,17,23,44). E. faecalis accounts for approximately 65 to 80% of all enterococcal nosocomial infections (16). The ability of E. faecalis to adhere to and develop biofilms on medical devices, such as intravascular and urinary catheters (25,26,36,37,72), is thought to contribute to its pathogenes...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Contribution of Autolysin and Sortase A during Enterococcus faecalis DNA-Dependent Biofilm Development

et al. 2009

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“…7 Among oral microbial flora, S. mutans is one of the best-known early colonizers and biofilm-forming organisms during dental plaque formation, and this biofilm provides a suitable environment for the late colonizers to form mature plaque. 7,47 We found that Nano surfaces inhibited the initial attachment and biofilm formation of S. mutans compared to Smooth surfaces, whereas Micro surfaces exhibited contrary behavior. The antimicrobial outcome, together with early and favorable attachment of HGEC and HGF on the Nano surface, may lead to less bacterial infection caused by plaque accumulation compared to Smooth and Micro surfaces and thus facilitate the early tissue healing and long-term success and survival of implants.…”

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confidence: 78%

The response of human osteoblasts, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and oral bacteria to nanostructured titanium surfaces: a systematic study

Miao¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Nanotopography modification is a major focus of interest in current titanium surface design; however, the influence of the nanostructured surface on human cell/bacterium behavior has rarely been systematically evaluated. In this study, a homogeneous nanofiber structure was prepared on a titanium surface (Nano) by alkali-hydrothermal treatment, and the effects of this Nano surface on the behaviors of human MG-63 osteoblasts, human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were evaluated in comparison with a smooth titanium surface (Smooth) by polishing and a micro-rough titanium surface (Micro) by sandblasting and acid etching. In addition, the impacts of these different surface morphologies on human THP-1 macrophage polarization and Streptococcus mutans attachment were also assessed. Our findings showed that the nanostructured surface enhanced the osteogenic activity of MG-63 cells (Nano=Micro>Smooth) at the same time that it improved the attachment of HGECs (Nano>Smooth>Micro) and HGFs (Nano=Micro>Smooth). Furthermore, the surface with nanotexture did not affect macrophage polarization (Nano=Micro=Smooth), but did reduce initial bacterial adhesion (Nano

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“…This results in the alteration of the solubility and adhesive properties of the glucan substrate and promotes S. mutans biofilm formation (80 (49,158). As may be expected from the lack of anchoring of several adhesins, S. mutans srtA variants displayed a remarkable reduction in their ability to form biofilms (107), in the adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite in vitro and the colonization of rat teeth in vivo (105), and in the ability to aggregate in the presence of dextrose (82). Interestingly, two S. mutans clinical isolates contain deleterious mutations in the srtA gene.…”

Section: Oral Streptococcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sortases and the Art of Anchoring Proteins to the Envelopes of Gram-Positive Bacteria

Marraffini

DeDent²,

Schneewind³

2006

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

608

600

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SUMMARY The cell wall envelopes of gram-positive bacteria represent a surface organelle that not only functions as a cytoskeletal element but also promotes interactions between bacteria and their environment. Cell wall peptidoglycan is covalently and noncovalently decorated with teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. The sum of these molecular decorations provides bacterial envelopes with species- and strain-specific properties that are ultimately responsible for bacterial virulence, interactions with host immune systems, and the development of disease symptoms or successful outcomes of infections. Surface proteins typically carry two topogenic sequences, i.e., N-terminal signal peptides and C-terminal sorting signals. Sortases catalyze a transpeptidation reaction by first cleaving a surface protein substrate at the cell wall sorting signal. The resulting acyl enzyme intermediates between sortases and their substrates are then resolved by the nucleophilic attack of amino groups, typically provided by the cell wall cross bridges of peptidoglycan precursors. The surface protein linked to peptidoglycan is then incorporated into the envelope and displayed on the microbial surface. This review focuses on the mechanisms of surface protein anchoring to the cell wall envelope by sortases and the role that these enzymes play in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis.

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Involvement of Sortase Anchoring of Cell Wall Proteins in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans

Cited by 84 publications

References 37 publications

Contribution of Autolysin and Sortase A during Enterococcus faecalis DNA-Dependent Biofilm Development

Contribution of Autolysin and Sortase A during Enterococcus faecalis DNA-Dependent Biofilm Development

The response of human osteoblasts, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and oral bacteria to nanostructured titanium surfaces: a systematic study

Sortases and the Art of Anchoring Proteins to the Envelopes of Gram-Positive Bacteria

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