Involvement of the foot in patients with psoriatic arthritis. A review of 26 cases

Foot problems in psoriatic arthritis: high burden and low care provision

“…In addition, the observed frequency of specific clinical features support those described in other observational studies 4. This result further extends the observation that inflammatory joint conditions lead to significant impairment and functional loss at important peripheral joint sites such as the foot.…”

A reliability study of biomechanical foot function in psoriatic arthritis based on a novel multi-segmented foot model

“…Typical features such as arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis and tendinopathy as well as skin psoriasis and nail dystrophy commonly present in the feet [2,3]. Disabling foot pain occurs in approximately two-thirds of patients and overall the burden of disease is similar to that reported in rheumatoid arthritis [2].…”

“…In general terms, small SEM values were found for most kinematic variables but with wide 95% CIs in some cases. Heel pain associated with enthesitis involving the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia is found in approximately one-quarter to half of all PsA patients [2,3]. The anatomical basis for the role of mechanical stresses at these two sites has been described in detail by Benjamin and McGonagle [7,16].…”

“…These global gait metrics are reliably measured in PsA and provide the basis for differentiating normal and abnormal function, measuring change over time, and as functional outcome in interventions studies. Inflammatory metatarsalgia, dactylitis, and plantar heel pain have been reported in PsA [2,3]. If localised foot pain leads to adapted gait then important metrics such as Table 2 Mean (range) coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) for inter-segmental kinematic data; ground reaction forces and ankle moments and power.…”

MRI of enthesitis of the appendicular skeleton in spondyloarthritis

“…As in the fingers, here the involvement of the flexor tendons in dactylitis can also be considered as enthesitis as part of the functional enthesis concept. Toe dactylitis, commonly seen in PsA, is evident in 23% of SpA cases,52 but may be under-represented 53. A study of 12 sausage-like toes of patients with SpA using conventional MRI showed that toe dactylitis is predominantly due to flexor tenosynovitis and that extensor tenosynovitis may also be present 54.…”