Involvement of the human cerebellum in short-term and long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response: A serial PET study

Frings, Markus; Awad, Nadia; Jentzen, Walter; Dimitrova, Albena; Kolb, Florian P.; Diener, Hans Christoph; Timmann, Dagmar; Maschke, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.02.025

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying habituation to aversive stimuli are unclear. In humans, neuroimaging studies have implicated diverse networks in the cerebellum, medial frontal cortex (MFC)/cingulate, parietal cortex, and amygdala in habituation (Hare et al, 2008; Frings et al, 2006; McDowell et al, 2006). In rodents, regulation of startle responses in the prepulse inhibition paradigm involves the MFC (Koch & Schnitzler, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease

Chen

Okerstrom

Kingyon

et al. 2016

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The ability to adapt to aversive stimuli is critical for mental health. Here, we investigate the relationship between habituation to startling stimuli and startle-related activity in medial frontal cortex as measured by EEG in both healthy control participants and patients with Parkinson disease (PD). We report three findings. First, patients with PD exhibited normal initial startle responses but reduced startle habituation relative to demographically matched controls. Second, control participants had midfrontal EEG theta activity in response to startling stimuli, and this activity was attenuated in patients with PD. Finally, startle-related midfrontal theta activity was correlated with the rate of startle habituation. These data indicate that impaired startle habituation in PD is a result of attenuated midfrontal cognitive control signals. Our findings could provide insight into the frontal regulation of startle habituation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease

Chen

Okerstrom

Kingyon

et al. 2016

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Lesions of the inferior colliculus did not alter LTH (Jordan and Leaton, 1983), as did complete decerebration at the level of the mesencephalon (Leaton et al, 1985). Recently the involvement of the cerebellum in LTH has been confirmed in humans (Timmann et al, 1998; Maschke et al, 2000; Pissiota et al, 2002; Frings et al, 2006). Lesion of the MRF eliminates the long-term decrease of startle not only before, but also after LTH training (Jordan, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Longterm-habituation of the startle response in mice is stimulus modality, but not context specific

Pilz

Arnold

Rischawy

et al. 2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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In mice, the specificity of longterm-habituation (LTH) of startle was tested in two experiments. In two strains of mice (C57Bl/6 and C3H) there was pronounced LTH over 10 days of acoustic stimulation in two different contexts of startle measurement. (We found LTH to be greater after stimulation with 14 kHz sine stimuli compared to noise or tactile stimuli). A change of context showed LTH to be independent of context, i.e., startle LTH in mice is a non-associative learning process. In the second experiment, 9 days of acoustic or tactile stimulation were given to C57B/6 mice. Both stimulus modalities produced LTH. When on the 10th day stimuli of the other modality were given, in both cases the long term habituated group showed no lower startle amplitude than a non-stimulated control group. This indicates LTH is stimulus-modality specific. Altogether, our results show that in mice—very similar to rats—LTH of startle is stimulus modality, but not context specific. In addition we found two indications that the LTH action site is on the sensory branch of the startle circuit.

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“…The cerebellum and its related brainstem nuclei are critically involved in the control and production of the classically conditioned eyeblink response and may contain essential long-term neuronal changes which serves to encode this learned response (McCormick et al 1983); a cerebellar role in the retention and storage of conditioned responses, as assessed by visual threat eyeblink responses, has been recently confirmed (Thieme et al 2013). Overall, the cerebellum is engaged in learning of unspecific aversive reactions, also outside the peripersonal space (Frings et al 2006), and cerebellar dysfunction may lead to impaired short-term and longterm habituation of the startle response (Maschke et al 2000;Lafo et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

14. Cerebellar direct current stimulation modulates hand blink reflex: Implications for defensive behavior in humans

Bocci¹,

Ferrucci²,

Barloscio³

et al. 2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

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The cerebellum is involved in a wide number of integrative functions. We evaluated the role of cerebellum in peripersonal defensive behavior, as assessed by the so-called hand blink reflex (HBR), modulating cerebellar activity with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Healthy subjects underwent cerebellar (sham, anodal, and cathodal tcDCS) and motor cortex tDCS (anodal or cathodal; 20 0 , 2 mA). For the recording of HBR, electrical stimuli were delivered using a surface bipolar electrode placed on the median nerve at the wrist and EMG activity recorded from the orbicularis oculi muscle bilaterally. Depending on the hand position respective to the face, HBR was assessed in four different conditions: "hand-far," "hand-near" (eyes open), "side hand," and "hand-patched" (eyes closed). While sham and cathodal cerebellar stimulation had no significant effect, anodal tcDCS dramatically dampened the magnitude of the HBR, as measured by the area under the curve (AUC), in the "hand-patched" and "side hand" conditions only, for ipsilateral (F (4,171) = 15.08, P < 0.0001; F (4,171) = 8.95, P < 0.0001) as well as contralateral recordings (F (4,171) = 17.96, P < 0.0001); F 4,171) = 5.35, P = 0.0004). Cerebellar polarization did not modify AUC in the "hand-far" and "handnear" sessions. tDCS applied over the motor area did not affect HBR. These results seem to support a role of the cerebellum in the defensive responses within the peripersonal space surrounding the face, thus suggesting a possible cerebellar involvement in visual-independent defensive behavior.

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Involvement of the human cerebellum in short-term and long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response: A serial PET study

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease

Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease

Longterm-habituation of the startle response in mice is stimulus modality, but not context specific

14. Cerebellar direct current stimulation modulates hand blink reflex: Implications for defensive behavior in humans

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