2009
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1008587
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Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in inflammatory immune responses induced by fine and coarse ambient air particulate matter

Abstract: Induction of proinflammatory mediators by alveolar macrophages exposed to ambient air particulate matter has been suggested to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and allergic diseases in the lungs. However, receptors and mechanisms underlying these responses have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined whether TLR2, TLR4, and the key adaptor protein, MyD88, mediate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to fine and coars… Show more

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Cited by 190 publications
(144 citation statements)
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“…TLR4 point mutant mice, compared with wild-type mice, show decreased lung inflammation and neutrophil influx in BAL upon exposure to diesel exhaust particles (Inoue et al, 2006). TLR2 and TLR4 are also involved in the immune response against fine and coarse air-pollution particles (Shoenfelt et al, 2009). Inhaled ozone, another risk factor for airway diseases, alters the distribution of TLR4 on alveolar macrophages and increases the functional response of alveolar macrophages to endotoxin (Hollingsworth et al, 2007).…”
Section: Pollutant-induced Disease Aggravationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TLR4 point mutant mice, compared with wild-type mice, show decreased lung inflammation and neutrophil influx in BAL upon exposure to diesel exhaust particles (Inoue et al, 2006). TLR2 and TLR4 are also involved in the immune response against fine and coarse air-pollution particles (Shoenfelt et al, 2009). Inhaled ozone, another risk factor for airway diseases, alters the distribution of TLR4 on alveolar macrophages and increases the functional response of alveolar macrophages to endotoxin (Hollingsworth et al, 2007).…”
Section: Pollutant-induced Disease Aggravationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, exposure to PM 10 that had high levels of endotoxin activates macrophage in a TLR4-dependent mechanism. However, fi ne and coarse air pollution particles-elicited infl ammatory response shared the same downstream signaling pathways, MyD88, despite differential utilization of TLR2 and TLR4 (Sun et al 2010 ;Shoenfelt et al 2009 ).…”
Section: Toll-like Receptors (Tlrs) and Nucleotide Oligomerization Domentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Moreover, high endotoxin concentrations (> 5 EU/m 3 ) were most frequently observed on days when the concentrations of PM 2.5 were below the current daily national standard of 35 µg/m 3 ( Figure 2B). Given the proinflammatory properties of endotoxins (Monn and Becker 1999;Shoenfelt et al 2009;Soukup and Becker 2001), ambient endotoxin concentrations likely play a role in respiratory outcomes associated with PM. In our study area, endotoxin concentrations are highest during dry seasons.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%