2005
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci091
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Involvement of α-Amylase I-1 in Starch Degradation in Rice Chloroplasts

Abstract: To determine the role of alpha-amylase isoform I-1 in the degradation of starch in rice leaf chloroplasts, we generated a series of transgenic rice plants with suppressed expression or overexpression of alpha-amylase I-1. In the lines with suppressed expression of alpha-amylase I-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels, seed germination and seedling growth were markedly delayed in comparison with those in the wild-type plants. However, the growth retardation was overcome by supplementation of sugars. Interesting… Show more

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Cited by 142 publications
(130 citation statements)
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“…Although consistent with recent reports showing the occurrence of N-glycosylated proteins in plastids (Asatsuma et al, 2005;Villarejo et al, 2005), the finding of NPP1 in the interior of a subcellular compartment unrelated to the ER-Golgi system was quite surprising and totally unpredictable in the context of the chloroplast genomics and proteomics (Miras et al, 2002;Leister, 2003). A mechanism of protein traffic from the ER-Golgi to the chloroplast must be invoked that is distinct from the wellestablished pathway of protein traffic between the cytosol and plastids (Heins et al, 1998).…”
Section: Additional Remarkssupporting
confidence: 84%
“…Although consistent with recent reports showing the occurrence of N-glycosylated proteins in plastids (Asatsuma et al, 2005;Villarejo et al, 2005), the finding of NPP1 in the interior of a subcellular compartment unrelated to the ER-Golgi system was quite surprising and totally unpredictable in the context of the chloroplast genomics and proteomics (Miras et al, 2002;Leister, 2003). A mechanism of protein traffic from the ER-Golgi to the chloroplast must be invoked that is distinct from the wellestablished pathway of protein traffic between the cytosol and plastids (Heins et al, 1998).…”
Section: Additional Remarkssupporting
confidence: 84%
“…Single knockout mutants lacking functional AMY3 do not exhibit any starch-related phenotype and perform nocturnal starch degradation similar to the wild type, and therefore, in Arabidopsis (as opposed to rice [Oryza sativa]), the endoamylase was thought not to be essential for the mobilization of transitory starch (Asatsuma et al, 2005;Yu et al, 2005). By contrast, Arabidopsis triple knockout mutants deficient in two plastidial debranching enzymes plus AMY3 accumulate more starch than the double mutants lacking the two debranching enzymes, and starch degradation is largely blocked.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In photosynthetic tissues, starch accumulates transiently in chloroplasts during daylight hours by action of photosynthesis. However, for extended periods of photosynthesis, storage takes place in the amyloplasts in reserve tissues (Asatsuma et al 2005). The transient starch is degraded releasing maltose and glucose units, which are then exported to the cytosol to be used as source of energy for synthesis of sucrose.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sugars derived from photosynthesis also are transported via phloem to target organs, where can be stored as starch reserves. Although α-amylase has an important role in the degradation of starch in the endosperm of cereals (Asatsuma et al 2005) it does not appear to have an essential role in arabidopsis leaves (Yu et al 2005). The α-amylase is required for the initiation of the degradation of the starch during the germination of grains, but is not required for normal degradation of transient starch in leaves.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%