Involvement of α- and β1-adrenergic mechanisms in the immobility-reducing action of desipramine in the forced swimming test

Kitada, Yoshimi; Miyauchi, Tatsuo; Kanazawa, Yukiko; Nakamichi, Hiroyuki; Satoh, Susumu

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(83)90024-2

Cited by 81 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar to the classical antidepressant treatments, E 2 and EE 2 reduced immobility behavior in the FST, an effect considered as an antidepressant-like action (Borsini, 1995;Borsini and Meli, 1988;Kitada et al, 1983;Porsolt et al, 1977Porsolt et al, , 1978. In line with the interpretations of Lucki and coworkers (Detke et al, 1995), the characteristic patterns of the active behaviors (swimming and climbing) in the FST would suggest that the serotonergic system participates in the antidepressant-like effect of E 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…In this model, rats are forced to swim and eventually adopt a floating posture identified as immobility behavior (Borsini and Meli, 1988;Porsolt et al, 1977;Porsolt and Lenégre, 1992), which is considered as an index of 'behavioral despair' (Porsolt et al, 1977(Porsolt et al, , 1978Porsolt and Lenégre, 1992). In the FST, antidepressants induce a decrease in immobility (Borsini and Meli, 1988;Kitada et al, 1983;Porsolt et al, 1977). Detke et al (1995) pointed out that in addition to immobility, it is also possible to register two active behaviors, swimming and climbing, which appear to be sensitive to specific antidepressant drug classes (Detke et al, 1995;Lucki, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidepressant-Like Effect of Different Estrogenic Compounds in the Forced Swimming Test

Estrada‐Camarena

Fernández‐Guasti

López‐Rubalcava

2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

185

124

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The present study evaluated the possible antidepressant-like action of the natural estrogen 17b-estradiol (E 2 , 2.5-10 mg/rat), the synthetic steroidal estrogen ethinyl-estradiol (EE 2 , 1.25-10.0 mg/rat), and the nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen, diethyl-stilbestrol (DES, 0.25-1.0 mg/ rat) in ovariectomized adult female Wistar rats using the forced swimming test (FST). The behavioral profile induced by the estrogens was compared with that induced by the antidepressants fluoxetine (FLX, 2.5-10 mg/kg) and desipramine (DMI, 2.5-10 mg/kg). In addition, the temporal course of the antidepressant-like action of the estrogenic compounds was analyzed. FLX and DMI induced an antidepressant-like effect characterized by a reduced immobility and increased swimming for FLX and decreased immobility and increased climbing for DMI. Both E 2 and EE 2 produced a decrease in immobility and an increase in swimming, suggesting an antidepressant-like action. DES did not affect the responses in this animal model of depression at any dose tested. The time course analysis of the actions of E 2 (10 mg/rat) and EE 2 (5 mg/rat) showed that both compounds induced an antidepressant-like effect observed 1 h after their injection lasting for 2-3 days.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant-Like Effect of Different Estrogenic Compounds in the Forced Swimming Test

Estrada‐Camarena

Fernández‐Guasti

López‐Rubalcava

2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

185

124

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“…A similar hypothesis has been suggested to explain the anti-immobility effect of muscimol (Evangelista et al 1987) and could even be substantiated by the fact that damphetamine but not LY171555 (see above in the Discussion) failed to affect the immobility time in "non-pretest" rats. However, we cannot exclude that antidepressants reduce immobility time in stressed rats by acting on neuronal systems (Borsini et al 1981 ;Kitada et al 1983;Plaznik and Kostowski 1985; other than dopaminergic one (Weiss et al 1981). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Discovery of antidepressant activity by forced swimming test may depend on pre-exposure of rats to a stressful situation

Borsini

Lecci

Sessarego³

et al. 1989

Psychopharmacology

109

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Antidepressant-induced anti-immobility effects have been assessed in animals exposed or not to a pretest session using the forced swimming test. Desipramine, maprotiline, mianserine (15 and 30 mg/kg), nomifensine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (1 and 2 mg/kg) and muscimol (1 and 2 mg/kg), unlike imipramine (15 and 30 mg/kg), LY-171555 (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg), did not reduce immobility time in rats which had not received the pretest session. On the other hand, all of the drugs tested reduced immobility time in rats exposed to a pretest session. In addition, the degree of antiimmobility effects of desipramine (20 mg/kg) and nomifensine (5 mg/kg) increased proportionally with the level of water (0, 4, 15 and 30 cm) to which animals were exposed at the time of pretest. Furthermore, desipramine reduced immobility time in rats pre-exposed to types of stress different from forced swimming, cold, restraint or foot-shock. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally three times, 24, 5 and 1 h before testing. The present findings suggest that a stressful pretest session may reveal pharmacological properties of antidepressants in the forced swimming test. This is also substantiated by the fact that diazepam (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) administered 30 min before the swimming pretest antagonized the anti-immobility effect of 15 mg/kg desipramine.

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“…Since stimulation of adrenoceptors has been reported to play an important role in the anti-immobility effect in the forced swimming test (6,(12)(13)(14)(15), it is pos sible that REMs deprivation may increase the tonic activ ity of the noradrenergic system in the brain, resulting in an increase in the basal swimming activity. However, this does not seem to be the case, because in the present study, neither phentolamine (a-adrenoceptor antagonist), yohim bine (a2-adrenoceptor antagonist) nor propranolol (j3 adrenoceptor antagonist) changed the basal swimming activity enhanced by REMs deprivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REM Sleep Deprivation Potentiates the Effects of Imipramine and Desipramine but Not That of Clomipramine in the Forced Swimming Test

Asakura

Matsumoto

Ohta

et al. 1993

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-Effects of REM sleep (REMs) deprivation on the basal swimming activity and the tricyclic anti depressants-induced increase in swimming activity in the forced swimming test were investigated. Im mediately after a 48-hr period of REMs deprivation, the basal swimming activity in REMs-deprived mice was significantly higher than those in group-housed and socially isolated animals used as the control groups. The REMs deprivation-induced increase in the swimming activity was not changed by adrenoceptor an tagonists and it returned to the control levels 3 hr after the REMs deprivation treatment. Moreover, imipra mine and desipramine but not clomipramine further increased the swimming activity enhanced by REMs deprivation at doses that did not affect the activity in the control groups. The enhancing effect of REMs deprivation on the sensitivity to imipramine and desipramine remained unchanged even at 3 hr after the REMs deprivation treatment, and it was blocked by the a2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine. These results suggest that the REMs deprivation-induced increase in basal swimming activity in the forced swim ming test is not mediated by adrenoceptor mechanisms, whereas the enhancing effect of REMs deprivation on the sensitivity to imipramine and desipramine may be mediated by the functional changes in a2 adrenoceptors in the brain. . Therefore, these similarities between the effects of REMs deprivation and those of chronic anti depressants raise the possibility that the antidepressants like effect of REMs deprivation in the forced swimming test may be mediated by the same mechanism(s) as those of antidepressant drugs, and that combination of REMs deprivation with antidepressant drug treatment may modi fy the effects of antidepressant drugs.We undertook the present study to determine whether an adrenoceptor mechanism is commonly involved in the REMs deprivation and the tricyclic antidepressant drugs induced increase in swimming activity in the forced swim ming test. Furthermore, to clarify whether REMs depriva tion modifies the effect of an antidepressant drug, we test ed the effects of REMs deprivation on the imipramine-, desipramine and clomipramine-induced increase in swim ming activity.

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Involvement of α- and β1-adrenergic mechanisms in the immobility-reducing action of desipramine in the forced swimming test

Cited by 81 publications

References 28 publications

Antidepressant-Like Effect of Different Estrogenic Compounds in the Forced Swimming Test

Antidepressant-Like Effect of Different Estrogenic Compounds in the Forced Swimming Test

Discovery of antidepressant activity by forced swimming test may depend on pre-exposure of rats to a stressful situation

REM Sleep Deprivation Potentiates the Effects of Imipramine and Desipramine but Not That of Clomipramine in the Forced Swimming Test

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