In this study, we review studies on time management and propose an effective time management system. We introduce an algorithm for identifying time management problems in the form of a decision support system, which allows a consistent review of problems in this area and can be used by individuals and teams. We have proposed and described a series of actions and measures to address each of the five identified problems, i.e., procrastination, inability to achieve long-term, medium-term and short-term goals, and a permanent lack of time (personal or professional). Possible applications of this system include a preliminary description of one’s time use during the day, tracking spent time, analysis of results, “bottlenecks” identification, setting rating points, repeating the study, and summarizing. The presented effective time management system has a theoretical basis and practical application in personal and working time organization.