INWARD: A Computer-Supported Tool for Video-Reflection Improves Efficiency and Effectiveness in Executive Coaching

Abstract

Chatbots' role in fostering self-reflection is now widely recognized, especially in inducing users' behavior change. While the benefits of 24/7 availability, scalability, and consistent responses have been demonstrated in contexts such as healthcare and tutoring to help one form a new habit, their utilization in coaching necessitating deeper introspective dialogue to induce leadership growth remains unexplored. This paper explores the potential of such a chatbot powered by recent Large Language Models (LLMs) in collaboration with professional coaches in the field of executive coaching. Through a design workshop with them and two weeks of user study involving ten coach-client pairs, we explored the feasibility and nuances of integrating chatbots to complement human coaches. Our findings highlight the benefits of chatbots' ubiquity and reasoning capabilities enabled by LLMs while identifying their limitations and design necessities for effective collaboration between human coaches and chatbots. By doing so, this work contributes to the foundation for augmenting one's self-reflective process with prevalent conversational agents through the human-in-the-loop approach. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Interaction design; Collaborative and social computing.

Observational and Accelerometer Analysis of Head Movement Patterns in Psychotherapeutic Dialogue

“…Video feedback is an effective method for training in which therapists can objectively examine the behaviors of both the client and the therapist [ 44 ]. Video reflection can be assisted by technologies and attempted in similar domains, such as coaching [ 45 ]. These commonly used channels are indicated by the two arrows in Figure 7 .…”

The Development and Validation of the Technology-Supported Reflection Inventory

“…Concurrently, the HCI feld contributed a number of systems that were reported to efectively facilitate refection, e.g. [1,3,4,13]. An example of such a system is Trackly, designed by Ayobi et al [3].…”

“…We began by removing loadings below 0.40 [7] and items that loaded on multiple factors. We then used an iterative process of removing low loading 1 An overview of the tracking technologies used by our participant is added to the supplementary materials items and optimising for inter-item reliability in order to further refne the list of items. Current and theoretical Cronbach's alpha coefcients were computed.…”

Virtual Reality as a Reflection Technique for Public Speaking Training

“…This is known to be effective for reflecting upon the prosodic information, involving the volume, inflection, timing and fluency of the voice as well as the content. Video recording has been proven to be a useful pedagogical tool for public speaking courses, as well as more general training [9]. Both verbal and nonverbal elements of the speaking performance can be recorded for subsequent review and analysis.…”

“…This technique helps individuals improve their skill acquisition, speech content, objective test performance, and the recall of the actual speech [7]. In addition, this strategy reduces the anxiety and perceived social costs of speakers, and increases the positive appraisals of the performance [8,9]. However, people with public speaking anxieties usually have low self-esteem and little self-confidence, and they are more likely to avoid videotaped feedback because they are unwilling to watch their own performance [10].…”