The Armillaria and Lactarius genera of fungi produce antimicrobial and cytotoxic mellolide, protoilludane, and marasmane sesquiterpenoids. Herein, we report a unified synthetic strategy to access the protoilludane, mellolide, and marasmane families of natural products. The significance of these syntheses lies in a) the organocatalytic, enantioselective construction of key chiral intermediates from a simple achiral precursor, b) the utility of a key 1,2-butanediol intermediate to serve as a progenitor to each natural product class, and c) a direct chemical conversion of a protoilludane to a marasmane via serendipitous ring contraction, providing experimental support for their proposed biosynthetic relationships.