Iodide Residues in Milk Vary between Iodine‐Based Teat Disinfectants

French, Elizabeth; Mukai, Motoko; Zurakowski, Michael J.; Rauch, Bradley J.; Gioia, G.; Hillebrandt, Joseph; Henderson, Mark; Schukken, Y.H.; Hemling, T. C.

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13358

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Higher milk selenium concentrations have been measured in the present study in comparison to those listed in UK food composition databases [ 43 ], while two other studies have reported similar milk selenium concentrations to those reported in the present study [ 29 , 46 ]. The increase in milk iodine concentrations from those reported in the 1970s may be owing, at least in part, to the addition of iodine to animal feed and residues from the use of iodophors which are used to sterilise cows’ teats and milking vessels [ 36 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Processing and Seasonality on the Iodine and Selenium Concentration of Cow’s Milk Produced in Northern Ireland (NI): Implications for Population Dietary Intake

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cow’s milk is the most important dietary source of iodine in the UK and Ireland, and also contributes to dietary selenium intakes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season, milk fat class (whole; semi-skimmed; skimmed) and pasteurisation on iodine and selenium concentrations in Northern Ireland (NI) milk, and to estimate the contribution of this milk to consumer iodine and selenium intakes. Milk samples (unpasteurised, whole, semi-skimmed and skimmed) were collected weekly from two large NI creameries between May 2013 and April 2014 and were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Using milk consumption data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme, the contribution of milk (at iodine and selenium concentrations measured in the present study) to UK dietary intakes was estimated. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) iodine concentration of milk was 475.9 ± 63.5 µg/kg and the mean selenium concentration of milk was 17.8 ± 2.7 µg/kg. Season had an important determining effect on the iodine, but not the selenium, content of cow’s milk, where iodine concentrations were highest in milk produced in spring compared to autumn months (534.3 ± 53.7 vs. 433.6 ± 57.8 µg/kg, respectively; p = 0.001). The measured iodine and selenium concentrations of NI milk were higher than those listed in current UK Food Composition Databases (Food Standards Agency (FSA) (2002); FSA (2015)). The dietary modelling analysis confirmed that milk makes an important contribution to iodine and selenium intakes. This contribution may be higher than previously estimated if iodine and selenium (+25.0 and +1.1 µg/day respectively) concentrations measured in the present study were replicable across the UK at the current level of milk consumption. Iodine intakes were theoretically shown to vary by season concurrent with the seasonal variation in NI milk iodine concentrations. Routine monitoring of milk iodine concentrations is required and efforts should be made to understand reasons for fluctuations in milk iodine concentrations, in order to realise the nutritional impact to consumers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Processing and Seasonality on the Iodine and Selenium Concentration of Cow’s Milk Produced in Northern Ireland (NI): Implications for Population Dietary Intake

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One assumption underlying the use of observationbased rating scales is that an increase in subjective rating score is associated with an increase in debris or microbial contamination near the teat end, a reduction 7495 in milk quality, or both. Also, while visual inspection and observation-based rating scales focus on ascertaining cow (or teat, or both) hygiene status, failure to sufficiently remove chemical sanitizers (e.g., dip) from the teats during milking preparation may also compromise milk quality (Galton et al, 1984;Castro et al, 2012;French et al, 2016). As a result, there is an industry need to develop objective methods of ascertaining teat cleanliness (i.e., presence of teat debris and chemical residue) before milking unit attachment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of observational- and machine-based teat hygiene scoring methodologies

Douphrate

Fethke

Nonnenmann

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Removal of teat-end debris is one of the most critical steps in the premilking process. We aimed to estimate inter-and intra-rater reliability of an observation-based rating scale of dairy parlor worker teat-cleaning performance. A nonrandom sample of 8 experienced raters provided teat swab debris ratings scored on a 4-point ordinal visual scale for 175 teat swab images taken immediately after teat cleaning and before milking unit attachment. To overcome the uncertainty associated with visual inspection and observation-based rating scales, we assessed the reliability of an automated observer-independent method to assess teat-end debris using digital image processing and machine learning techniques to quantify the type and amount of debris material present on each teat swab image. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was used to assess inter-rater score agreement on 175 teat swab images, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess both intra-rater score agreement and machine reliability. The reliability of debris scoring of teat swabs by raters was low (overall κ = 0.43), whereas the machine-based rating system demonstrated near-perfect reliability (Pearson r > 0.99). Our findings suggest that machinebased rating systems of worker performance are much more reliable than observational-based methods when evaluating premilking teat cleanliness. Teat swab image analysis technology can be further developed for training and quality control purposes to enable more efficient, reliable, and independent feedback on worker milking performance. As automated technologies are becoming more popular on dairy farms, machine-based teat cleanliness scoring could also be incorporated into automated milking systems.

show abstract

“…Jod obecny w jodowych środkach dezynfekcyjnych może przedostawać się również do żywności pochodzenia zwierzęcego, w tym mleka. Badania wykazały, że powodowany tą migracją wzrost poziomu jodu w żywności nie jest istotny statystycznie i nie przekracza dopuszczalnych limitów (9). EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) określiła toksyczność jodoforów dla ludzi i drobiu na bardzo niską przy narażeniu na ekspozycję drogą doustną, skórną i wziewną (34).…”

Section: Ryc 1 Parametry Struktury Histologicznej Błony śLuzowej Dwunclassified

Effect of an iodophor-silicate disinfecting and cleaning agent on liver function tests, the structure of the small intestine, and bone parameters in a rat model study

Muszyński¹,

Dobrowolski²,

Ivashkiv³

et al. 2019

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to assess the risk of using an iodophor disinfecting and cleaning agent based on clinoptilolite intended for dry disinfection in the presence of non-ruminants. In a rat model study, a suspension containing 103.3 mg/kg b. w. of the disinfectant (a dose of 0.1 of LD50) was administrated per os for a period of 21 days. Its toxicity was assessed on the basis of liver function tests. The effects of the disinfectant on the histological parameters of the duodenum and jejunum and on the properties of long bones were determined. Although the agent showed no toxicity, at the end of the experiment the experimental animals had lower body weights than the control group animals (P < 0.01). The disinfectant exerted an adverse effect on the histological parameters of the jejunum, reducing the length of the intestinal villi (P < 0.01) and the absorption area (P < 0.05) and increasing the crypt depth (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the presence of clinoptilolite positively influenced the parameters of long bones, increasing their mass (P < 0.001), length (P < 0.001), density (P < 0.01), and ash content (P < 0.01). In the bone metaphysis and epiphysis root, a significant increase was found in the trabecular bone volume (P < 0.001) and the trabecular number (P < 0.05). Bone fracture strength was also increased (P < 0.05) in the experimental animals. The results obtained show that iodophores and clinoptilolite can be used in veterinary practice as components of low-toxic disinfecting and absorbing agents. However, the reduced body mass of the experimental animals suggests the need for further comprehensive tests aimed at determining the amount of the iodophor disinfecting and cleaning agent that does not impair performance parameters.

show abstract

Iodide Residues in Milk Vary between Iodine‐Based Teat Disinfectants

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

The Effect of Processing and Seasonality on the Iodine and Selenium Concentration of Cow’s Milk Produced in Northern Ireland (NI): Implications for Population Dietary Intake

The Effect of Processing and Seasonality on the Iodine and Selenium Concentration of Cow’s Milk Produced in Northern Ireland (NI): Implications for Population Dietary Intake

Reliability of observational- and machine-based teat hygiene scoring methodologies

Effect of an iodophor-silicate disinfecting and cleaning agent on liver function tests, the structure of the small intestine, and bone parameters in a rat model study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About