Iodine-129 enrichment in sediment of the Baltic Sea

129I record of nuclear activities in marine sediment core from Jiaozhou Bay in China

“…I concentrations in sediments from Jiaozhou Bay (15.4-70.7 µg/g, mostly 20-36 µg/g) are compared with the 127 I concentrations in sediments from other sites in Fig. 2a, including the Baltic Sea, Mississippi River and the Eastern Pacific Ocean (Aldahan et al, 2007;Moran et al, 1998;Oktay et al, 2000). 127 I concentrations in most marine sediments are higher than in our samples, aside from several exceptions.…”

“…These types of samples are widely distributed and have been used successfully to study historical releases of 129 I into the environment in a number of locations around the globe. Marine and lake sediment cores from Europe have shown to preserve valuable archives of 129 I (Aldahan et al, 2007;Englund et al, 2008;Santos et al, 2007). Sediment cores from the Baltic Sea, Kattegate, and Swedish lakes all reflect the fact that the two European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants (NFRPs) are the dominant source of environmental 129 I in the Europe.…”

Anthropogenic 129I in the sediment cores in the East China sea: Sources and transport pathways

“…The iodine in marine sediment mainly originates from decomposition of biota debris with high iodine content (marine algae: 10-6000 μg/g, most values: 200-300 μg/g, mineral ˂ 1 μg/g), which absorbs and concentrates iodine from seawater (around 50 μg/L) (Hou et al, 2010;Hou et al, 1998;Price and Calvert, 1973). The 127 I concentrations in CORE-1 (5.0-37.0 μg/g) and CORE-2 (15.0-42.5 μg/g) is lower than that in most marine sediments, including those from Oregon (98-243 μg/g), Kattegat (100-200 μg/g) and Baltic Sea (42.7-75.9 μg/g) (Moran et al 1998;López-Gutiérrez et al, 2004;Aldahan et al, 2007), but higher than most values of lake sediments collected from Sweden (5.0-10.0 μg/g) and Philippines (2.97-20 μg/g) (Englund et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2018). The values are in the similar level with that in the mixed zone of river and ocean, such as Jiaozhou Bay (20-36 μg/g) and the Mississippi River Delta (5.7-34.3 μg/g) (Fan et al, 2016;Oktay et al, 2000) (Table SI2).…”

“…Sediments can be ideal integrated archives of sequential environment signals from atmosphere, biosphere, pedosphere and hydrosphere, which could supply radioactive sources information and trace the relative transportation processes based on the temporal distributions of 129 I in both marine and terrestrial environment. The marine current circulation from North Sea to Baltic Sea through the Skagerrak and Kattegat was identified by liquid discharges from Sellafield and La Hague, and the variation trend was constructed by analyzing the temporal distribution of 129 I in Baltic Sea sediment (Aldahan et al, 2007). The process of close-in tropospheric bomb fallout from Nevada site that eroded from drainage basin was traced based on the vertical profile of 129 I/ 127 I in Mississippi Delta sediments (Oktay et al, 2000).…”

Iron isotope variations in Holocene sediments of the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea

“…These high Fe/Al ratios are coupled to high contents of organic carbon ($10%) in surface sediments of the Gotland Deep, whereas sediments at 10-30 cm depth display mean Fe/Al values of 0.63 (Neumann et al, 1997). A review of literature data reveals that Fe/ Al values of around 0.6-0.65 might represent the background oxic sedimentation of detrital Fe in the Baltic Sea (Neumann et al, 1997;Leivuori and Vallius, 1998;Vallius and Leivuori, 2001;Aldahan et al, 2007). These values are very similar to the Fe/Al ratios of the freshwater sediments of GD 0101 (Fig.…”