Iodine: an environmental trigger of thyroiditis

Rose, Noel R.; Bonita, Raphael; Burek, C. Lynne

doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(01)00016-7

Cited by 135 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both extremely high and low iodine intake has obvious damage to human: (1) hyperthyroidism, (2) hypothyroidism and young children's mental retardation due to hypothyroidism, (3) thyroid carcinoma, (4) autoimmune thyroid diseases. A body of clinical and epidemiologic evidence points to excessive ingestion of iodine as an environmental agent (Rose et al, 2002). As inducers of autoimmune thyroid diseases, environmental factors could also aggravate already existing autoimmune thyroid diseases (Marrack et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang, China

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2005

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEM by Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6~84.8 µg/L (mean of 11.66 µg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P<0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 µg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 µg/L (n=19) and 12.72±10.72 µg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P<0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11~2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg). Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang, China

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2005

J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Iodine deficiency will cause inadequate synthesis of thyroid hormone that has multiple functions such as enhancing protein synthesis, regulating energy transfer, accelerating growth and development, and maintaining the structure of central nervous system. The resulted physiological disorders and biological function abnormalities are called iodine deficiency disease (IDD) [2][3][4][5]. The epidemiology investigations and the statistics from World Health Organization (WHO) reveal that iodine deficiency, due to low iodine background value in certain regions, is a threat to health of up to 1.6 billion people throughout the world [6,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine biofortification of vegetable plants—An innovative method for iodine supplementation

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To elevate the iodine level in edible plants has been shown to be an excellent approach to correct iodine deficiency. We have proposed an innovative approach to produce iodine supplementation by growing vegetables on soils with algal-based iodized organic fertilizer. Ten species of vegetables were tested. The biological absorption and migration of the iodine within the vegetable plants were revealed using microscopy with silver iodide precipitation technique. The results show that the absorption of iodine by the vegetable increases with increasing amount of the algal-based iodized organic fertilizer in general. And the uptake of iodine by leaf vegetable is significantly greater than that by fruit vegetable. Distribution of iodine in various plant organs shows a trend of decreasing iodine concentration from root, leaf, stalk, to fruit. A similar of decreasing concentration can also be found in various cells (cytoplasm>cytoderm>organelles). The exploration of the iodine uptake and biogeochemistry migration mechanisms provides an important scientific foundation for establishing a new method of producing a natural iodine supplementation by iodine biofortification of vegetables.

show abstract

“…Indeed, it is assumed that autoimmune thyroid diseases are caused by the combined effects of multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors which affect both the thyroid and the systemic immune system. [27][28][29][30] Several susceptibility genes have been identified by whole candidate gene analysis, genome linkage studies genome-wide association studies, and whole genome sequencing techniques. These genes are classified as nonspecific immune-related genes and thyroid-specific genes.…”

Section: Loss Of Self-tolerance To the Thyroid In Humans Role Of Genementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid disorders

Park¹

2014

KMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<title>Abstract Objectives, recent epidemiologic studies in humans suggest an increased prevalence of thyroiditis associated with the excessive administration of iodine. More than three times of recommended daily intake of iodine was observed among people in North America. These people generally presented higher level of anti-thyroglobulin antibody, anti-thyroperoxidase antibody, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and exacerbation of lymphocytic infiltration in thyroid, which indicated the overconsumption of iodine could induce hypothyroidism and enhance the autoimmune response. However, the precise mechanism of excessive iodine intake induced autoimmune thyroid disease remains largely unknown.</p><p>Over half a century has elapsed since the 1956 identification of thyroglobulin antibodies and the devising of the first experimental model of autoimmune thyroiditis. Since then an incredible amount of experimental work has led to an ever deeper understanding of the nature of thyroid auto-antigens, the main immune mechanisms responsible for Hashimoto's thyroiditis and graves’ disease, their genetics, and therir environmental risk factor. Yet, in the majority of genetically predisposed people the individual trigger of thyroid autoimmunity remains obscure. Similarly, effective prevention strategies still remain to be established and, hopefully, will be the target of future studies.</p>

show abstract

Iodine: an environmental trigger of thyroiditis

Cited by 135 publications

References 30 publications

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang, China

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang, China

Iodine biofortification of vegetable plants—An innovative method for iodine supplementation

An overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About