Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor—a role of oxidative stress

Karbownik-Lewińska, Małgorzata; Stępniak, Jan; Iwan, Paulina; Lewiński, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s12020-022-03107-7

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…The central role of iodide in thyroid physiology has been known for many years. The iodine atoms constitute 65% and 59% of T4 and T3 by weight respectively, and -as extensively demonstrated in previous studies -both iodine excess and de ciency strongly predispose to the development of thyroid dysfunction [3]. Around 15-20% of amiodarone-treated patients develop either thyrotoxicosis (AIT) or hypothyroidism (AIH), that can arise either early or late during treatment and in apparently normal thyroid glands or in the presence of underlying thyroid pathologies [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Magnitude and time course of urinary iodine excretion in relation to thyroid function in patients on amiodarone therapy

Pinto

Marchionni

Locatelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose. Amiodarone is a source of excess iodine that may induce thyroid dysfunction. The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the magnitude and time course of 24-hr urinary iodine excretion and its potential relationship with thyroid disorders in patients on antiarrhythmic prophylaxis with amiodarone. Methods. 24-hr urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function were evaluated in 67 patients on chronic amiodarone therapy. All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid before starting treatment and were followed up by 6-month measurements of 24-hr urinary iodine excretion and plasma TSH levels. Results. Since amiodarone initiation, 20 patients developed thyroid dysfunction (14 hypothyroidism, 3 subclinical hypothyroidism, 3 hyperthyroidism). No differences were observed in terms of treatment length or urinary iodine levels between patients remaining euthyroid and those developing thyroid dysfunction: urinary iodine in the euthyroid group was 8094 µg/24h (IQR 4082-10766) vs 10851 µg/24h (IQR 8529-12804) in the thyroid dysfunction group at 6 months (p = 0.176) and 8651 µg/24h (IQR 6924-11574) vs 8551 µg/24h([IQR 4916-13580) (p = 0.886) at one year from amiodarone initiation. The occurrence of thyroid dysfunction was equally distributed among patients taking amiodarone for more than one year versus those under treatment for less than one year. Upon amiodarone withdrawal, normal range of urinary iodine was achieved after a mean time of 15.2 ± 7.7 months. Conclusion. These results suggest no correlation between 24-hr urinary iodine excretion and thyroid dysfunction in patients on amiodarone therapy. Thyroid disorders following amiodarone administration likely depend on the individual predisposition to iodine load.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Magnitude and time course of urinary iodine excretion in relation to thyroid function in patients on amiodarone therapy

Pinto

Marchionni

Locatelli

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…It was found that lipid oxidation, the degradation of ascorbic acid, and changes in protein functions could be mediated through the presence of iodate. Additionally, it was confirmed that iodate in high concentrations with herbs damages rat thyroid follicular cells less, which may be related to the oxidant activity of iodate and the high antioxidant capacity of these herbs [28].…”

Section: Antioxidant Activity Directly After Drying and After 320 Day...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Antioxidant properties of beetroot fortified with iodine

Jankowska,

Kobus-Cisowska,

Szymandera-Buszka

2023

JRAAE

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Article infoThis study aimed to investigate the use of beetroot as a carrier of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) at different concentrations (2.3, 0.23, and 0.023 mg kg −1 ). It was hypothesised that the concentrations and forms of iodine fortification affect the antioxidant activity of beetroot.The results showed a high recovery of the introduced iodine, especially for KIO3. However, a relationship it was confirmed between the forms, and concentration of iodine and the free radical scavenging (the ABTS •+ and the DPPH • ) test results. In the systems with the iodine concentration at 0.023; 0.23 mg kg −1 , the antioxidant activity of the beetroot did not change. Nevertheless, a statistically significant decrease in free radical scavenging was confirmed for the beetroot fortified with the KIO3 concentration of 3.9 mg kg −1 (2.3 mg kg −1 of iodine). Therefore, maximum amount of KIO3 addition to beetroot should be 0.39 mg kg −1 .

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“…Children with biochemical evidence of iodine deficiency experience a higher level of oxidative stress than their healthy peers with iodine sufficiency [ 19 ]. Conversely, iodine in excess is much less harmful as it may only affect a small percentage of sensitive individuals, whereas iodine deficiency can affect an entire cohort or parts of a population with endemic consequences [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Dietary Intake of Iodine and Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Children with Classical Galactosaemia on Dietary Treatment

et al. 2023

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Iodine is an essential mineral required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine plays a critical role in growth and neurocognitive development. Classical galactosaemia is a disorder resulting from an inborn error in galactose metabolism. Its current management consists of life-long lactose and galactose dietary restriction. This study estimated dietary intakes of iodine in infants and children with classical galactosaemia in the Republic of Ireland. The diets of 43 participants (aged 7 months-18 years) with classical galactosaemia were assessed for iodine intake using an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire. Intakes were compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dietary recommendations for iodine intake. The potential role of iodine fortification of dairy alternative products was also examined. There were no significant differences observed between sex, ethnicity and parental education and meeting dietary iodine recommendations. Differences, however, were seen between age groups, causing the p value to approach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Infants consuming infant formula were likely to meet iodine recommendations. However, over half (53%) of children aged 1–18 years had average intakes below the recommendations for age. For these children, consumption of iodine-fortified dairy alternative milk was the leading source of iodine in the diets, followed by fish/shellfish and eggs. An assessment of iodine intake should be undertaken during dietetic reviews for those with classical galactosaemia. Mandatory iodine fortification of all dairy alternative products would result in 92% of the total population cohort meeting iodine recommendations based on their current consumption.

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Iodine as a potential endocrine disruptor—a role of oxidative stress

Cited by 16 publications

References 190 publications

Magnitude and time course of urinary iodine excretion in relation to thyroid function in patients on amiodarone therapy

Magnitude and time course of urinary iodine excretion in relation to thyroid function in patients on amiodarone therapy

Antioxidant properties of beetroot fortified with iodine

Assessment of Dietary Intake of Iodine and Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Children with Classical Galactosaemia on Dietary Treatment

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